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Biomedical Sciences QUESTION #3802
Question 1
Which cardiac valves specifically prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricular chambers after systole?
  • Valves in the veins
  • Atrio-ventricular valves
  • Pericardium
  • Aortic and pulmonary valves✔️
Correct Answer Logic:
The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the left and right ventricles respectively.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Information Technology QUESTION #1119
Question 2
What is meant by refactoring code in SDLC?
  • To modify the functionality of software
  • To improve the code quality✔️
  • To find out bugs in a software
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing computer code—changing the factoring—without changing its external behavior to improve non-functional attributes.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3492
Question 3
The botanical name of 'Senna' is:
  • Cassia angustifolia✔️
  • Aloe barbadensis
  • Digitalis lanata
  • Glycyrrhiza glabra
Correct Answer Logic:
Cassia angustifolia (Indian Senna) is commonly used in pharmacy.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
Historic accounts state that 93 Jews and 15 Muslims were martyred/killed.
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3521
Question 5
'Anaphylaxis' is:
  • A mild skin rash
  • A severe, potentially life-threatening systemic allergic reaction✔️
  • A type of plant
  • A medicine
Correct Answer Logic:
Anaphylactic shock requires immediate medical attention (usually Epinephrine).
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:

Option B ($29,200) is correct.

X's salary = $550 ÷ 5% = $11,000; Y's salary = $450 ÷ 5% = $9,000

Residual profit = $94,000 − $3,000 + $1,000 − $11,000 − $9,000 = $73,000 (Interest on drawings added back: $550+$450=$1,000)

Y's share = 2/5 × $73,000 = $29,200

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Urdu QUESTION #5055
Question 7
امراؤ جان ادا کس کی تحریر ہے؟
  • سر سید
  • ہادی رسوا✔️
  • رفیق احمد
  • پریم چند
Correct Answer Logic:
امراؤ جان ادا مرزا ہادی رسوا کا مشہور ناول ہے جو 1899ء میں شائع ہوا۔
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Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5729
Question 8
Hospital waste management classifies $80\%$ of waste as general. What are the characteristics of the remaining $20\%$?
  • Paper and plastic
  • Non-medical waste
  • Hazardous material (infectious, toxic, or radioactive)✔️
  • Organic food waste
Correct Answer Logic:
The text states $20\%$ is hazardous material.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:

Molar mass Al = 27 g/mol: moles Al = 18.5/27 = 0.685 mol. From stoichiometry: 4 mol Al → 2 mol Al₂O₃, so mol Al₂O₃ = 0.685/2 = 0.3425 mol. Molar mass Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol: mass = 0.3425×102 = 34.94 g ≈ 34.9 g.

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Chemistry QUESTION #1422
Question 10
The Nernst equation relates electrode potential to:
  • Pressure
  • Temperature and concentration✔️
  • Surface area
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
The Nernst equation: \(E = E^\circ - \dfrac{RT}{nF}\ln Q\) relates the electrode potential \(E\) to the standard electrode potential \(E^\circ\), temperature \(T\), number of electrons \(n\), Faraday constant \(F\), and the reaction quotient \(Q\) (which depends on concentration). So electrode potential depends on both temperature and concentration of the species involved.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
CISA QUESTION #6839
Question 11
An auditor evaluates COBIT implementation and finds detailed documentation of IT processes but no Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) or measurement of process effectiveness. What is the MOST significant deficiency?
  • Poor documentation quality
  • Inability to determine if IT processes are achieving objectives and delivering value✔️
  • Incomplete COBIT framework
  • Insufficient automation
Correct Answer Logic:
Documentation of processes without measurement provides no insight into effectiveness. COBIT emphasizes governance and management objectives—understanding if processes work requires KPIs to measure performance, efficiency, and business value delivery. Without metrics, the organization cannot manage or improve IT effectiveness.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
CISA QUESTION #1785
Question 12
What is the primary objective of continuous auditing within an IS environment?
  • To support managers with automated reporting tools✔️
  • To govern and manage the broader organization
  • To challenge stated assurances through ongoing automated testing
  • To coordinate all daily audit team activities
Correct Answer Logic:
Continuous auditing employs ongoing automated testing to verify that security controls and technical modifications remain active and functioning. Tools such as the Security Controls Automation Protocol (SCAP) re-verify installed security configurations after every hotfix, patch, or software update — providing real-time assurance rather than periodic snapshots.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Statistics QUESTION #1958
Question 13
For a t-distribution, which relationship among the measures of central tendency holds true?
  • Mean = Median = Mode✔️
  • Mean > Median > Mode
  • Mean < Median < Mode
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
The t-distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped. Therefore, like the normal distribution, its Mean = Median = Mode, all located at the center.
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Correct Answer Logic:

The sentence acknowledges Boswell as the first great modern biographer, but suggests a similar claim could be made for Johnson. The blank must refer to the same distinction — being first in time or importance.

  • Partisanship — means bias or strong support for one side; irrelevant here.
  • Omniscience — means all-knowing; not the subject of the sentence.
  • Precedence — means the state of coming before others. If Johnson also wrote a biography earlier, a claim of precedence (being first) could be made for him too. This fits perfectly.
  • Opportunism — means taking selfish advantage of situations; unrelated.

Correct Answer: C — Precedence. The sentence questions who truly came first as a great modern biographer.

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Correct Answer Logic:
He made new images, so "created" is correct.
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Physics QUESTION #7845
Question 16

Reverse-biased PN junction reverse current is of order:

  • Gigaamperes
  • Kiloamperes
  • Megaamperes
  • Microamperes✔️
Correct Answer Logic:

Reverse saturation current is very small (μA range for Si).

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs arranges human motivations in five levels: physiological, safety, social/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Library managers (as discussed in Evans et al., 2007) use this framework to understand what motivates staff at different career stages and life situations.
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Physics QUESTION #4398
Question 18
The time in which half of the given number of radioactive nuclei decay is known as:
  • $\dfrac{1}{2}$ life of radioactive element✔️
  • $\dfrac{2}{3}$ life of radioactive element
  • $\dfrac{1}{4}$ life of radioactive element
  • $\dfrac{2}{5}$ life of radioactive element
Correct Answer Logic:
Half-life ($t_{1/2}$) is defined as the time required for half ($50\%$) of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay. It is given by $t_{1/2} = \dfrac{0.693}{\lambda}$ where $\lambda$ is the decay constant.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
From first equation: $x_1 = \frac{8 - 4x_2 + x_3}{3}$. With $x_2 = x_3 = 0$: $x_1 = \frac{8}{3} \approx 2.667$.
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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5942
Question 20
In yoghurt production, the typical inoculation rate of starter culture is:
  • \(0.1\text{–}0.5\%\)
  • \(2\text{–}3\%\)✔️
  • \(10\text{–}15\%\)
  • \(0.01\%\)
Correct Answer Logic:
Standard inoculation rate for yoghurt is \(2\text{–}3\%\) (v/v) of a working starter culture. Higher rates produce faster acidification but may result in excessive post-acidification. Lower rates result in inadequate acidification.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich