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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1798

Rule 42(b) on 'request for quotations' requires a minimum of how many quotations, and from which category of firms?

Two quotations from any registered firms
Three quotations from GST registered firms, original equipment manufacturers or authorized dealers✔️
Four quotations from SECP registered companies
Three quotations from any suppliers regardless of registration

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 42(b)(i) and (iii) together require that at least three quotations be obtained from GST registered firms, original equipment manufacturers, or authorized dealers when procurement value exceeds PKR 100,000 but does not exceed PKR 500,000.

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Economics QUESTION #1700

Question 2

Pakistan's successive land reform programmes (1959, 1972, and 1977) were primarily driven by which overarching policy objective?

Accelerating rural-to-urban migration
Promoting large-scale industrial capital formation
Redistributing land ownership to enhance agricultural equity and productivity✔️
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan's land reforms — the Ayub Khan reforms (1959), Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's reforms (1972 and 1977) — were primarily aimed at redistributing agricultural land from large feudal landlords to landless tenants and small farmers, breaking up the feudal structure, enhancing agricultural productivity, and reducing rural inequality. They were not designed to accelerate urbanisation or industrialisation per se.

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Psychology QUESTION #9938

Question 3

Systematic desensitization is used in the treatment of:

Schizophrenia
Mood disorders
Phobias✔️
Somatoform disorders

Correct Answer Logic:

Systematic desensitization (Wolpe) is a behavioural treatment specifically designed for phobias: relaxation training, construction of an anxiety hierarchy, and gradual exposure while maintaining relaxation (counter-conditioning).

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Physics QUESTION #7047

Question 4

A pinhole camera box of length $L$ has a hole of radius $a$. The spot size is the sum of geometrical spread and diffraction spread. At what value of $a$ is the spot size $b_{min}$ minimized?

$a = \sqrt{\lambda L}$ and $b_{min} = \frac{2\lambda^2}{L}$
$a = \sqrt{\lambda L}$ and $b_{min} = \sqrt{4\lambda L}$✔️
$a = \sqrt{\frac{\lambda L}{2}}$ and $b_{min} = 2\sqrt{2\lambda L}$
$a = \frac{\lambda^2}{L}$ and $b_{min} = \frac{2\lambda^2}{L}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Spot size $b \approx \text{geometric spread} + \text{diffraction spread} = a + \frac{L\lambda}{a}$.

To minimize $b$, differentiate with respect to $a$ and set to zero:

$\frac{db}{da} = 1 - \frac{L\lambda}{a^2} = 0 \implies a = \sqrt{\lambda L}$.

Substituting back: $b_{min} = \sqrt{\lambda L} + \frac{L\lambda}{\sqrt{\lambda L}} = 2\sqrt{\lambda L} = \sqrt{4\lambda L}$.

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Nursing QUESTION #9306

Question 5

In the care of a patient with chest drain (intercostal tube drainage), which of the following observations requires immediate nursing action?

Fluctuation (tidaling) in the water-seal chamber
Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber✔️
Absence of drainage for the first 2 hours
Drainage of 50 mL of serous fluid in 4 hours

Correct Answer Logic:

Understanding chest drain assessment:

Finding	Interpretation	Action
Fluctuation (tidaling)	Normal — reflects respiratory pressure changes	No action needed
Continuous bubbling in water-seal	Air leak — from lung or at connection site	Immediate action — check connections, notify physician
No tidaling	Lung fully expanded OR tube kinked/blocked	Assess tube position, X-ray
Sudden large drainage	Possible hemorrhage (>200 mL/hr)	Notify physician immediately

Continuous bubbling indicates a persistent air leak — could be bronchopleural fistula or disconnection at the tubing. The system should never be clamped without a physician's order — risk of tension pneumothorax.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #653

Question 6

The battle of Nihawand was fought during the reign of:

Hazrat Abu Bakr
Hazrat Umar✔️
Hazrat Usman
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Fought in 642 CE, it was a decisive victory for the Muslims during Hazrat Umar's era.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3530

Question 7

Which part of 'Cinnamon' (Darchini) is used as medicine?

Leaves
Inner Bark✔️
Flowers
Roots

Correct Answer Logic:

Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark is the medicinal part.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #571

Question 8

How many grams of nitrogen can be eliminated in form of uric acid by 50 ml of water?

20
25
30
50✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

50 ml water can eliminate ~50g nitrogen as uric acid

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1814

Question 9

Under Rule 43, procuring agencies are required to make payments to suppliers and contractors against invoices or running bills within a maximum of how many days as specified in the conditions of contract?

Fifteen days
Twenty-one days
Thirty days✔️
Forty-five days

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 43 requires all procuring agencies to make prompt payments to suppliers and contractors against their invoices or running bills within the time stipulated in the conditions of contract, which shall not exceed thirty days.

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General Abilities QUESTION #7995

Question 10

$3^{72/100}$ written as a fraction is:

3.72
37.2
0.372✔️
372

Correct Answer Logic:

$3^{72/100} = 3.72$ — wait, this is a notation question. $3\tfrac{72}{100} = 3 + 0.72 = 3.72$ as a decimal, or $\dfrac{372}{100} = 0.372$ when simplified... The answer key gives C (0.372). Note: $\dfrac{372}{100} = 3.72$ not 0.372. Answer key may contain a typo; the mixed number $3\tfrac{72}{100} = 3.72$.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #4178

Question 11

Polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen are mainly used for:

Structural framework only
Short-term and long-term energy storage✔️
Enzyme catalysis
Ready source of energy

Correct Answer Logic:

Starch and glycogen serve as energy storage molecules (polysaccharides).

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8917

Question 12

What is the chemical symbol for Gold?

Go
Gd
Au✔️
Ag

Correct Answer Logic:

Au from Latin 'aurum'.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7795

Question 13

Which alkali metal forms only normal oxide (M₂O) with oxygen?

K
Li✔️
Na
Rb

Correct Answer Logic:

Lithium forms only Li₂O (normal oxide). Na forms Na₂O₂ (peroxide); K, Rb, Cs form superoxides (MO₂).

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3473

Question 14

'Essential Amino Acids' are those that:

The body can make itself
Must be supplied by the diet✔️
Are not needed
Are only in meat

Correct Answer Logic:

There are 9 essential amino acids for humans.

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Physics QUESTION #1058

Question 15

An electron (mass $9\times10^{-31}\ \text{kg}$, charge $1.6\times10^{-19}\ \text{C}$) moves at $c/100$ in field $B=9\times10^{-4}\ \text{T}$. Electric field $E$ to prevent deflection:

E parallel to B, magnitude $27\times10^2\ \text{V/m}$
E parallel to B, magnitude $27\times10^4\ \text{V/m}$
E perpendicular to B, magnitude $27\times10^4\ \text{V/m}$✔️
E perpendicular to B, magnitude $27\times10^2\ \text{V/m}$

Correct Answer Logic:

For no deflection: electric force must balance magnetic force. $qE=qvB\Rightarrow E=vB=\frac{3\times10^8}{100}\times9\times10^{-4}=3\times10^6\times9\times10^{-4}=27\times10^2\ \text{V/m}$. E must be perpendicular to B (to oppose magnetic force direction). So E perpendicular to B, magnitude $27\times10^2\ \text{V/m}$ = option (4).

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Mathematics QUESTION #7439

Question 16

Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements respectively. Then the number of subsets of the set A × B, each having at least three elements, is:

219✔️
256
275
510

Correct Answer Logic:

The set $A \times B$ has $4 \times 2 = 8$ elements. Total number of subsets is $2^8 = 256$. Subsets with 0 elements: $\binom{8}{0} = 1$. Subsets with 1 element: $\binom{8}{1} = 8$. Subsets with 2 elements: $\binom{8}{2} = 28$. Subsets with at least 3 elements = $256 - 1 - 8 - 28 = 219$.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #7687

Question 17

What is the main theme of Pakistan's updated National Security Policy (2022-2026)?

Military modernization
Economic security✔️
Regional power dynamics
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan's National Security Policy (2022-2026) prioritizes economic security as its central theme. The policy recognizes that true national security is rooted in economic strength and focuses on putting citizens and economic development at the core of national security considerations.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1813

Question 18

According to Rule 46(1), procuring agencies are required to maintain records of their procurement proceedings along with all associated documentation for a minimum period of:

Two years
Three years
Five years✔️
Seven years

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 46(1) mandates that all procuring agencies shall maintain a record of their respective procurement proceedings along with all associated documentation for a minimum period of five years, subject to any additional regulations framed in this regard.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1528

Question 19

A 'union catalogue' differs from a single library's catalogue primarily because it:

Lists only rare and special collections
Records the combined holdings of multiple libraries, indicating which library owns each item✔️
Is published annually in print format only
Contains only bibliographic records without location information

Correct Answer Logic:

A union catalogue consolidates the holdings of two or more libraries into a single catalogue, with location symbols indicating which participating library owns each item. This is essential for interlibrary loan and cooperative collection development.

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Quantitative Reasoning QUESTION #8126

Question 20

Mathematicians possess a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and findings in a clear and compelling manner, driven by _______ as well as by logic.

caprice
aesthetics✔️
obligation
methodologies

Correct Answer Logic:

The sentence explicitly says mathematicians have a 'sense of beauty' and want to present work in a 'clear and compelling' fashion. This directly points to aesthetics (the philosophy of beauty and artistic sensibility) as the driving force alongside logic. 'Caprice' means random whims — incompatible with rigorous math. 'Obligation' and 'methodologies' lack the beauty/elegance dimension the sentence emphasizes.

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