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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6372

George Eastman introduced roll film and the Kodak box camera in which year, and why was this development significant for journalism?

1860 — it introduced the first daguerreotype photography process
1888 — it made photography accessible to the general public and simplified photojournalism by enabling faster, more portable image capture✔️
1925 — it introduced the 35mm format that became standard for press photography
1935 — it introduced colour film for journalistic use

Correct Answer Logic:

George Eastman introduced roll film and the simple Kodak box camera in 1888. This was revolutionary for several reasons:

Before Eastman's roll film, photography required heavy glass plates, complex chemical baths, and specialist knowledge — making it impractical for rapid journalistic work
The Kodak camera was simple enough for anyone to use (“You press the button, we do the rest” was Eastman's slogan), democratising photography
Roll film was lighter and easier to load than glass plates, making field photography faster and more mobile
This, combined with the halftone process (1881) and smaller cameras like the 35mm Leica (first marketed 1925), created the conditions for modern photojournalism

The photojournalist tradition — using shocking or revealing images to change public opinion and drive legislation — was enabled directly by these technological advances.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #4871

Question 2

Correct antonym of "BI-PARTISAN" is

Narrow minded✔️
Progressive
Representing two parties
Divided

Correct Answer Logic:

Bi-partisan means involving cooperation between two political parties. Its antonym is 'narrow minded,' implying a refusal to cooperate or consider opposing viewpoints.

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Agronomy QUESTION #2017

Question 3

Primary tillage differs from secondary tillage in that primary tillage:

Is performed closer to sowing time with lighter implements
Breaks the soil to greater depths and is performed soon after harvest of the previous crop✔️
Is exclusively used for inter-row cultivation during crop growth
Involves only the surface 2–3 cm of soil

Correct Answer Logic:

Primary tillage refers to deep initial tillage (e.g., moldboard or disc plowing) performed after harvest to break up compacted soil. Secondary tillage involves shallower, finer operations (harrowing, leveling) performed closer to sowing to refine the seedbed.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #11283

Question 4

Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments during recombinant DNA technology?

Restriction endonuclease
DNA ligase✔️
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase

Correct Answer Logic:

DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent DNA fragments, 'gluing' them together. Restriction enzymes cut DNA, DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, and reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #7700

Question 5

First false Prophet during Hazrat Abu Bakar's (R.A) reign:

Musailmah✔️
Aswad Ansi
Tulayha
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Musailmah al-Kadhdhab (Musailmah the Liar) was the most prominent false prophet who emerged during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). He claimed prophethood in Yamama and was defeated and killed in the Battle of Yamama in 632 CE.

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Electrical Engineering QUESTION #2166

Question 6

A DC-DC buck converter has $V_{in} = 24\,\text{V}$, $V_{out} = 12\,\text{V}$, $f_{sw} = 100\,\text{kHz}$, and load current $I_L = 2\,\text{A}$. The minimum inductance for continuous conduction mode (CCM) is:

$15\,\mu\text{H}$✔️
$30\,\mu\text{H}$
$60\,\mu\text{H}$
$7.5\,\mu\text{H}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Duty cycle $D = V_{out}/V_{in} = 0.5$. $L_{min} = \frac{V_{out}(1-D)}{2 f_{sw} I_L} = \frac{12 \times 0.5}{2 \times 10^5 \times 2} = \frac{6}{4 \times 10^5} = 15\,\mu\text{H}$.

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Contracts QUESTION #5842

Question 7

A Seller tenders non-conforming goods to a Buyer under a shipment contract. The goods are destroyed in transit. Who bears the risk of loss?

The Buyer, because it is a shipment contract.
The Seller, because the goods were non-conforming.✔️
The Carrier, as the bailee of the goods.
The Buyer and Seller share the loss 50/50.

Correct Answer Logic:

Under UCC §2-510(1), if a tender fails to conform, the risk of loss remains on the seller until cure or acceptance.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6595

Question 8

For normal-weight concrete with $f'_c = 3000\,\text{psi}$, the modulus of elasticity $E_c$ (ACI formula) is approximately:

3.15 × 10⁶ psi✔️
3.32 × 10⁶ psi
3.48 × 10⁶ psi
3.65 × 10⁶ psi

Correct Answer Logic:

ACI 318 formula: $E_c = 57{,}000\sqrt{f'_c}\,\text{(psi)}$. $E_c = 57{,}000\sqrt{3000} = 57{,}000 \times 54.77 \approx 3{,}122{,}000\,\text{psi} \approx 3.12 \times 10^6\,\text{psi}$, closest to option (a).

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Mathematics QUESTION #1301

Question 9

The characteristic equation of $3y''-6y'+6y=0$ has roots:

$r=1\pm i$✔️
$r=1\pm 2i$
$r=-1\pm i$
$r=2\pm i$

Correct Answer Logic:

Dividing by 3: $y''-2y'+2y=0$. Characteristic equation: $r^2-2r+2=0\Rightarrow r=\dfrac{2\pm\sqrt{4-8}}{2}=\dfrac{2\pm 2i}{2}=1\pm i$. Complementary solution: $y_c=e^x(C_1\cos x+C_2\sin x)$.

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HR and Management QUESTION #6436

Question 10

In the Burgess-Park ecological model of organizational change, 'invasion-succession dynamics' refers to:

Hostile corporate takeovers
Lower-income immigrants invading inner zones while established residents move outward✔️
Management succession planning processes
New technologies replacing old production methods

Correct Answer Logic:

The invasion-succession concept from urban ecology was applied to organizational analysis. In cities (and organizations), lower-income newcomers 'invade' inner zones while established members move outward to create new zones, driving dynamic change patterns.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7797

Question 11

The blue colour of $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ salt solutions is due to:

d-d orbital transition✔️
p-d transition
p-p transition
s-p transition

Correct Answer Logic:

Cu²⁺ (d⁹) in water absorbs orange/red light (d-d transition), transmitting blue. d-d transitions are responsible for colors of many transition metal complexes.

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English QUESTION #2770

Question 12

What does the phrase 'ONCE IN A BLUE MOON' mean? (Note: An idiom's meaning cannot be guessed from the individual words)

Very frequently
Every month
Very rarely✔️
During nighttime

Correct Answer Logic:

'Once in a blue moon' is an idiom meaning something that happens very rarely or infrequently. A 'blue moon' is a rare astronomical event, which is why it represents rarity. Example: 'He visits us once in a blue moon.'

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Education QUESTION #6781

Question 13

Which of the following BEST explains why portfolios have very low reliability as an assessment tool compared to standardized tests?

Portfolios always favor high-ability students because they choose their own best work
Portfolio scoring lacks the standardized criteria, uniform conditions, and objective scoring procedures that characterize reliable measurement — different assessors apply different criteria to different content✔️
Portfolios contain too many items, which statistically reduces internal consistency
Portfolios are only valid for formative purposes and reliability is not applicable to them

Correct Answer Logic:

Reliability requires consistency across administrations, scorers, and conditions. Portfolios are diverse in content (student-selected), judged subjectively by different assessors using loosely defined criteria, and lack uniform conditions. All of these factors introduce variability into scores, which by definition reduces reliability. This is listed as a known weakness of portfolios.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #5124

Question 14

'بالائے طاق رکھنا' کا کیا مطلب ہے؟

نظرانداز کرنا✔️
ناراض ہونا
بہت خوش ہونا
ان میں سے کوئی نہیں

Correct Answer Logic:

بالائے طاق رکھنا محاورے کا مطلب ہے کسی بات یا چیز کو نظرانداز کر دینا، اہمیت نہ دینا۔

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3681

Question 15

'Beeswax' is used in pharmacy for:

Making candles only
Preparing ointments and plasters✔️
Eating
Injecting

Correct Answer Logic:

It provides consistency to semi-solid preparations.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #11504

Question 16

To preview a motion path effect from the animation task pane, you should:

Click the Play button✔️
Click the Show Effect button
Double-click the motion path
All of the above

Correct Answer Logic:

To preview a motion path animation in the Custom Animation task pane, click the Play button at the bottom of the pane. This plays all animations on the current slide in sequence without switching to full-screen slide show mode.

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Economics QUESTION #1693

Question 17

Classical economics, with its emphasis on the self-regulating nature of markets and the primacy of production capacity, is most accurately categorised as:

Supply-side economics✔️
Demand-side economics
Both supply-side and demand-side economics
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Classical economics emphasises supply-side factors as the primary determinants of long-run economic output — production capacity, factor markets, Say's Law ('supply creates its own demand'), flexible wages and prices, and market self-correction. It contrasts with Keynesian economics, which is demand-side (aggregate demand drives output and employment in the short run). Classical economists believe markets naturally return to full employment without government intervention.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1520

Question 18

HEC National Digital Library (NDL) of Pakistan primarily serves which purpose in an academic context?

Providing free physical textbooks to students
Offering Pakistani university students and faculty access to international e-journals and databases✔️
Archiving rare Urdu manuscripts
Cataloguing government publications

Correct Answer Logic:

The HEC NDL provides Pakistani higher education institutions with subsidized access to thousands of international peer-reviewed e-journals, e-books, and research databases, enabling academic research without the cost burden on individual institutions.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6592

Question 19

In the finite element method, the value of a shape function evaluated at its own node is equal to:

1✔️
−1
Any arbitrary value

Correct Answer Logic:

Shape functions are defined such that $N_i = 1$ at node $i$ and $N_i = 0$ at all other nodes. This is a fundamental property ensuring the interpolation correctly reproduces nodal values.

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Education QUESTION #7567

Question 20

The selection of a particular curriculum design is influenced by which factor(s)?

Foundations✔️
Elements
Types
Principle

Correct Answer Logic:

Curriculum foundations (philosophical, psychological, sociological, and historical) significantly influence the selection of a particular curriculum design.

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