1. Defibrillate immediately (biphasic 120–200J; monophasic 360J)
2. CPR 2 minutes (high-quality: 100–120 compressions/min, depth \(5-6 \text{ cm}\))
3. Check rhythm — if still VF/pVT:
4. Epinephrine 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes
5. Defibrillate again
6. CPR 2 minutes
7. If VF/pVT persists: Amiodarone 300 mg IV (second dose: 150 mg) OR Lidocaine

• Minimize interruptions in CPR (pause \(< 10\) seconds for shocks)
• Treat reversible causes: 5 H's and 5 T's (Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, H\(^+\) acidosis, Hypo/Hyperkalemia, Hypothermia; Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins, Thrombosis-PE, Thrombosis-coronary)
• Epinephrine: given after first or second defibrillation attempt, then every 3–5 min

Let Julio's salary be $J$ and Maria's old salary be $M_{old}$.

Given: $M_{old} = 1.24J$

Maria's new salary: $M_{new} = M_{old} - 0.24M_{old} = 0.76M_{old} = 0.76(1.24J) = 0.9424J$

Comparing:

• Column A: $J = 1.0J$
• Column B: $0.9424J$

Since $1.0 > 0.9424$, Column A (Julio's salary) is greater than Column B (Maria's new salary).

Therefore, Column A is greater.

In 1922, a New York radio station ran what is considered the first commercial radio broadcast (a 10-minute promotion for co-op apartments). This established the commercial/advertising model for American radio. Britain took a different path. In 1923, the BBC was established using public taxes on radio receivers (later evolved into the television licence fee). This model was designed to fund programming without dependence on commercial sponsors, giving the BBC greater independence from market pressures and direct government control. The textbook notes: “Although most countries of that era also adopted government-sponsored radio broadcasting, the BBC and CBC are among the few that were able to insulate programming content from direct government influence.” In contrast, “most countries used radio to further the political aims of those in power.” The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) was modelled after the BBC for similar reasons.

Subtract equation 1 from equation 2: $(a-1)y = 0$.

Case $a\neq1$: $y=0$. Then from eq.1 and eq.3: $x+z=1$ and $ax+z=0$, giving $(a-1)x=-1$, so $x=\frac{-1}{a-1}$. This always has a solution for $a\neq1$.

Case $a=1$: System becomes $x+y+z=1$, $x+y+z=1$, $x+by+z=0$. The third equation forces $-1=by-... $ i.e. subtracting eq.1: $(b-1)y=-1$. For no solution we need $b=1$.

So $S=\{1\}$ — a single value. Hence $S$ is a singleton.