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Biology Zoology Botany QUESTION #1348

The evolution of ecologically related species is sometimes co-ordinated such that each species exerts a strong selective influence on others. This is:

Coexistence
Coevolution✔️
Mutualism
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Coevolution is the process by which two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection. Classic examples include plant-pollinator relationships, predator-prey arms races, and host-parasite interactions. Mutualism is a type of symbiosis (both benefit) that can result from coevolution, but coevolution is the broader evolutionary process.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #4071

Question 2

'Turndown Ratio' of a burner refers to the ratio of:

Max heat output to min heat output✔️
Height to width
Fuel to air
Day to night

Correct Answer Logic:

A burner with $10:1$ turndown can operate at $10\%$ of its full capacity without shutting off.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4748

Question 3

The Kachi Canal Project in Balochistan is designed to irrigate which region?

Quetta
Zhob
Nasirabad✔️
Turbat

Correct Answer Logic:

The Kachi Canal Project draws water from the Pat Feeder Canal on the Indus River to irrigate the Kachi plain in Nasirabad district, Balochistan.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #4025

Question 4

'Differential Pressure' across an air filter indicates:

The speed of the boiler
How clogged or dirty the filter is✔️
The temperature of the room
The price of the air

Correct Answer Logic:

High 'DP' means the filter needs cleaning or replacement.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5881

Question 5

The Clot-on-Boiling (COB) test detects milk that would coagulate during sterilization. What condition causes a positive COB test?

Low fat content
High acidity $(>0.21\%$ lactic acid) or abnormal salt balance (colostrum/mastitic milk)✔️
Antibiotic residues
Excessive water adulteration

Correct Answer Logic:

COB-positive milk forms clots when boiled, indicating either high titratable acidity $(>0.21\%$ lactic acid) or abnormal protein/mineral balance as in colostrum or mastitic milk. Such milk cannot withstand sterilization temperatures.

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Physics QUESTION #7006

Question 6

Two short bar magnets (length 1 cm each) have magnetic moments $1.20\ \text{A\,m}^2$ and $1.00\ \text{A\,m}^2$. They are placed on a table parallel to each other with N-poles pointing South, sharing a common magnetic equator, separated by $20.0\ \text{cm}$. The resultant horizontal magnetic induction at midpoint O is close to:
(Earth's horizontal component $B_H = 3.6 \times 10^{-5}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$)

$3.6 \times 10^{-5}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$
$2.56 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$✔️
$3.50 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$
$5.80 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$

Correct Answer Logic:

At the midpoint O (on the equatorial line of both magnets), $r = 0.10\ \text{m}$:

Field due to each magnet on equatorial line: $B = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{M}{r^3}$

$B_1 = \frac{10^{-7} \times 1.20}{(0.10)^3} = 1.20\times10^{-4}\ \text{T}$

$B_2 = \frac{10^{-7} \times 1.00}{(0.10)^3} = 1.00\times10^{-4}\ \text{T}$

Both fields point in the same direction (both N-poles south, equatorial fields add).

Total from magnets $= 2.20\times10^{-4}\ \text{T}$. Adding Earth's component: $2.20 + 0.36 = 2.56\times10^{-4}\ \text{Wb/m}^2$.

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Biology QUESTION #7273

Question 7

Phylogenetic system of classification is based on:

Floral characters
Evolutionary relationships✔️
Morphological features
Chemical constituents

Correct Answer Logic:

A phylogenetic (or cladistic) system of classification is based on evolutionary relationships among organisms, reflecting their common ancestry. It uses molecular data, fossil records, and comparative anatomy to construct evolutionary trees. Bentham and Hooker used a natural system based on morphology; Engler and Prantl used a phylogenetic approach.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6607

Question 8

When designing a fillet weld, the effective throat thickness $t_e$ used for strength calculations of a $45^\circ$ weld with leg size $w$ is:

$w$
$0.500 w$
$0.707 w$✔️
$1.414 w$

Correct Answer Logic:

The effective throat of a fillet weld is the shortest distance from the root to the face. For a standard equal-leg fillet weld, this is $w \sin(45^\circ) \approx 0.707w$.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #7707

Question 9

In 2023, which major US bank collapsed, triggering fears of a financial crisis?

Bank of America
JPMorgan Chase
Silicon Valley Bank✔️
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) collapsed in March 2023, becoming the second-largest bank failure in US history. The collapse was triggered by a bank run after SVB announced significant losses on its bond portfolio, causing widespread concern in the tech and startup sectors.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #794

Question 10

The comparative rate at which solute moves in paper chromatography depends upon $R_f$ value of:

Solute✔️
Solution
Solvent
None

Correct Answer Logic:

The $R_f$ (retention factor) value is specific to the solute and describes how far it travels relative to the solvent front in chromatography.

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Mathematics QUESTION #1257

Question 11

If $\varphi: G \to H$ is an epimorphism (surjective homomorphism) with $K = \ker\varphi$, then by the First Isomorphism Theorem:

G is isomorphic to H
$G/K \cong H$✔️
$K \cong H$
$G \cong K \times H$

Correct Answer Logic:

$\textbf{First Isomorphism Theorem:}$ If $\varphi: G\to H$ is an epimorphism, then $G / \ker\varphi \cong H$. The quotient group $G/K$ is isomorphic to the image $H$.

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Physics QUESTION #7300

Question 12

A body starts from rest and moves under constant acceleration for 20 s. It covers distance $S_1$ in the first 10 s and $S_2$ in the next 10 s. Then $S_2$ equals:

$S_1$
$2S_1$
$3S_1$✔️
$4S_1$

Correct Answer Logic:

Using $s = \dfrac{1}{2}at^2$ (from rest):

$S_1 = \dfrac{1}{2}a(10)^2 = 50a$

Total in 20 s: $S_{\text{total}} = \dfrac{1}{2}a(20)^2 = 200a$

$S_2 = 200a - 50a = 150a = 3 \times 50a = \mathbf{3S_1}$

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5937

Question 13

In cheese making, the role of $\text{CaCl}_2$ added to pasteurized milk is to:

Provide flavor to the cheese
Restore ionic calcium ($\text{Ca}^{2+}$) levels reduced during pasteurization, improving gel firmness and reducing coagulation time✔️
Act as a preservative against spoilage bacteria
Lower the $\text{pH}$ to the isoelectric point of casein

Correct Answer Logic:

Pasteurization shifts calcium from ionic ($\text{Ca}^{2+}$) to colloidal/casein-bound forms, reducing ionic calcium concentration. This impairs rennet gel formation. $\text{CaCl}_2$ addition ($0.01\text{–}0.02\%$ w/v) restores $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ levels, improving gel firmness and cutting properties.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #597

Question 14

Comrade', Newspaper was published by:

Abdul Majid Salik
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar✔️
None of These

Correct Answer Logic:

Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar launched the English weekly Comrade in 1911.

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Chemistry QUESTION #4352

Question 15

Majority of reactions taking place at ordinary temperatures with $-\Delta H$ are:

Endothermic
Exothermic✔️
Thermally unstable
Reversible

Correct Answer Logic:

Reactions with $-\Delta H$ (negative enthalpy change) release heat to the surroundings and are exothermic. Most spontaneous reactions at ordinary temperature are exothermic.

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HR and Management QUESTION #6432

Question 16

The practice of Flextime is best defined as:

Working from home or remote locations
Permitting employees to choose their own working hours within certain limitations✔️
Reducing the standard 40-hour work week
Job sharing between two part-time employees

Correct Answer Logic:

Flextime is the practice of permitting employees to choose, with certain limitations, their own working hours. This helps organizations attract qualified individuals by allowing both employment and family needs to be addressed.

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Biology QUESTION #7287

Question 17

Ringworm in humans is caused by:

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi✔️
Nematodes

Correct Answer Logic:

Ringworm (tinea) is a common superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) caused by fungi such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Despite the name, no worm is involved. It causes circular, scaly, itchy patches on the skin. It is treated with antifungal agents like clotrimazole or terbinafine.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5989

Question 18

Sodium hexametaphosphate and trisodium citrate are used as emulsifying salts in processed cheese. Their mechanism involves:

Acting as antimicrobial agents preventing mold growth
Chelating $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ from the casein-calcium phosphate complex, solubilizing and dispersing casein proteins to form a stable protein-fat emulsion upon heating ('creaming of casein')✔️
Lowering the $\text{pH}$ to improve acid-gel formation
Crosslinking casein proteins through phosphate bridges

Correct Answer Logic:

Emulsifying salts in processed cheese work via $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ chelation (sequestration). By removing $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ from casein-calcium-phosphate linkages, they break down the protein matrix, allowing individual casein molecules to hydrate, unfold, and interact with fat at the interface during heating ('creaming of casein').

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2989

Question 19

Calculate the displacement value of a drug if $10$ suppositories contain $2\text{ g}$ of drug and weigh $11\text{ g}$ (base density is $1\text{ g/ml}$).

$1.0$
$2.0$✔️
$0.5$
$1.5$

Correct Answer Logic:

Disp. Value $=$ (Weight of drug) / (Weight of base displaced). Calculated as $2 / (10-9) = 2$.

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #7674

Question 20

If accused admits that he has committed the offence, his admission shall be recorded as nearly as possible in:

The words used by the accused✔️
Legal language
Technical manners
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

According to the Criminal Procedure Code, when an accused admits to committing an offense, the confession or admission should be recorded in the exact words used by the accused as far as possible. This preserves the authenticity and prevents any misinterpretation of the statement.

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