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Dehydrohalogenation of an alkyl halide is typically carried out with:
Alcoholic KOH (strong base in ethanol) promotes E2 elimination to form alkenes. Aqueous KOH favors substitution; conc. HโSOโ can cause elimination but also other reactions; Zn dust is for dehalogenation (vicinal dihalides).
Given \(E_2 = -328\) kJ/mol, so \(E_1 = -328 imes 4 = -1312\) kJ/mol.
\(E_4 = \dfrac{-1312}{16} = -82\) kJ/mol
Key point: as \(n\) increases, energy becomes less negative โ outer orbits are less tightly bound.
3 g of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of 0.06 N acetic acid. After filtration, the filtrate had a normality of 0.042 N. How much acetic acid was adsorbed per gram of charcoal?
Initial moles of acetic acid: $0.06 \times 0.050 = 3 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{mol}$
Remaining moles: $0.042 \times 0.050 = 2.1 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{mol}$
Adsorbed moles $= (3 - 2.1) \times 10^{-3} = 9 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{mol}$
Mass adsorbed (M of AcOH $= 60$) $= 9 \times 10^{-4} \times 60 = 0.054\ \text{g} = 54\ \text{mg}$
Per gram of charcoal $= \dfrac{54}{3} = \mathbf{18\ \text{mg/g}}$
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