N-pole points north: neutral points lie on the equatorial line (broadside position) where equatorial field equals $B_H$.

With $d = 18\ \text{cm} = 0.18\ \text{m}$, $l = 7\ \text{cm} = 0.07\ \text{m}$, $B_H = 0.4\times10^{-4}\ \text{T}$:

Equatorial field: $B = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{M}{(d^2+l^2)^{3/2}}$

$M = \frac{B_H(d^2+l^2)^{3/2}}{10^{-7}} = \frac{0.4\times10^{-4}\times(0.0324+0.0049)^{3/2}}{10^{-7}} \approx 28.80\ \text{J\,T}^{-1}$

The four classic press theories are Authoritarian, Libertarian, Soviet/Communist, and Social Responsibility. The Authoritarian Theory predates democratic societies. Its key features include:

• Direct governmental control of all media
• No content that challenges the established political authority is permitted
• Media professionals have no independence within their organisations
• The state registers and licenses media outlets
• Punishments for questioning state ideology

This theory is “typical of pre-democratic societies where government consists of a very limited ruling class.” It is designed to protect the established social order. Option C describes the Soviet Theory; Option D describes the Social Responsibility Theory; Option A describes the Libertarian Theory.

If $1$ USD $= 0.93$ peso, then $1$ peso $= \dfrac{1}{0.93} \approx 1.075$ USD.

If $1$ USD $= 32.08$ shillings, then $1$ shilling $= \dfrac{1}{32.08} \approx 0.031$ USD.

Quantity A $\approx 1.075$ USD > Quantity B $\approx 0.031$ USD.

Quantity A is greater.