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Agronomy QUESTION #2041
Question 1
Green manuring is most agronomically beneficial in which soil and cropping context?
  • Sandy loam soils in arid climates with continuous cereal monoculture
  • Degraded soils with low organic matter in riceโ€“wheat systems, where leguminous green manure crops (e.g., Sesbania, Dhaincha) are incorporated before transplanting to improve N supply and soil healthโœ”๏ธ
  • Heavy clay soils with existing high organic matter content
  • Saline-sodic soils where green manure crops cannot establish
Correct Answer Logic:
Green manuring with legumes (Sesbania bispinosa/Dhaincha) is most valuable in riceโ€“wheat systems on degraded soils. The incorporated green biomass provides 80โ€“120 kg N/ha, organic matter, and improves soil physical properties. It is especially critical in South Asian irrigated plains where soil organic matter is critically low (<0.5%).
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Chemistry QUESTION #423
Question 2
Which type of bonding is present in NH?Cl?
  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Coordinate covalentโœ”๏ธ
  • All of these
Correct Answer Logic:
NH?Cl has ionic, covalent, and coordinate covalent bonds
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General Knowledge QUESTION #4471
Question 3
_____ is the author of โ€œEssay on Population (1798)โ€.
  • Thomas Malthusโœ”๏ธ
  • Ester Boserup
  • Garret Hardin
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
Thomas Malthus authored 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' in 1798.
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Nursing QUESTION #9257
Question 4
A nurse is preparing to administer the pentavalent vaccine to a 6-week-old infant as per Pakistan's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule. The pentavalent vaccine protects against which combination of diseases?
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Measles
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)โœ”๏ธ
  • Tuberculosis, Polio, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Measles
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus
Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan EPI Schedule (current):

AgeVaccines
BirthBCG, OPV-0, Hepatitis B (birth dose)
6 weeksPentavalent (DTP-HepB-Hib), OPV-1, PCV-1, Rotavirus-1, IPV-1
10 weeksPentavalent-2, OPV-2, PCV-2, Rotavirus-2
14 weeksPentavalent-3, OPV-3, PCV-3, IPV-2
9 monthsMeasles-1, Vitamin A (1st dose)
15 monthsMeasles-2 (MMR)

Pentavalent vaccine = 5-in-1 vaccine protecting against:

  1. Diphtheria
  2. Tetanus
  3. Pertussis (whooping cough)
  4. Hep B (Hepatitis B)
  5. Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

Contraindications: Previous anaphylaxis to vaccine component, progressive neurological disorder (for pertussis component), severe febrile illness (defer, not contraindicate).

Cold chain: Pentavalent stored at \(2{-}8ยฐC\); never frozen (freeze-sensitive).

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3149
Question 5
The 'Sclera' is the:
  • Colored part of the eye
  • White, outer layer of the eyeโœ”๏ธ
  • Clear window of the eye
  • Back of the eye
Correct Answer Logic:
The sclera provides structure and protection.
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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6416
Question 6
The concept of intra-personal communication describes communication that occurs within a single individual. Which of the following is the BEST example of intra-personal communication?
  • A telephone conversation between two friends
  • A newspaper editorial addressed to the general public
  • A person's internal process of thinking, meditating, or reasoning โ€” where all communication elements (source, message, channel, receiver) exist within the same individualโœ”๏ธ
  • A group discussion in a classroom
Correct Answer Logic:

The textbook classifies human communication into two broad types:

  • Intra-personal communication: “The part of communication in which self of a human being is involved only and the communication is confined to one human entity. This means that all the elements which come into action in a given piece of communication are located within the self of an individual. A message originating from source part of the brain travels through the channel of nerves to reach another location, however close it may be to the point of origin.” Examples: thinking, reasoning, meditation, monologue, and dreaming.
  • Inter-personal communication: Involves two or more individuals, and is further classified into interpersonal (one-to-one), group communication, organisational communication, and mass communication.

The key distinguishing criterion is that in intra-personal communication, all elements โ€” source, encoder, channel, decoder, and receiver โ€” exist within the same person. No external communication partner is required.

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Correct Answer Logic:
Section 47(2) states: 'Where the variation in the disaggregated data under sub-section (1) is more than ten percent in a constituency, the Commission shall take special measures to reduce such variation.'
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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2444
Question 8
The transmissibility (TR) in vibration isolation represents:
  • Output force at support divided by static force
  • The ratio of force transmitted to the foundation to the applied excitation force: \(TR = \sqrt{\frac{1+(2\zeta r)^2}{(1-r^2)^2+(2\zeta r)^2}}\) where \(r=p/\omega_n\)โœ”๏ธ
  • The ratio of damped to undamped amplitude
  • The ratio of kinetic to potential energy
Correct Answer Logic:
Transmissibility: \(TR=F_{transmitted}/F_0=\sqrt{\frac{1+(2\zeta r)^2}{(1-r^2)^2+(2\zeta r)^2}}\). For effective isolation, TR < 1 requires \(r > \sqrt{2}\).
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General Knowledge QUESTION #7710
Question 9
Which country was hit hardest by Cyclone Mocha?
  • India
  • Bangladesh
  • Myanmarโœ”๏ธ
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
Cyclone Mocha struck Myanmar in May 2023 with devastating force, particularly affecting Rakhine State. It was one of the strongest cyclones to hit the region, causing significant destruction to infrastructure and displacing hundreds of thousands of people.
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Chemistry QUESTION #7801
Question 10

Homolytic fission of the Cโ€“H bond in an alkane produces:

  • Alkyl free radicalโœ”๏ธ
  • Carbonation
  • Carbocation
  • Methylpropane
Correct Answer Logic:

Homolytic bond cleavage: each atom takes one electron, forming free radicals (e.g., methyl radical โ€ขCHโ‚ƒ). Heterolytic fission gives carbocations or carbanions.

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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6413
Question 11
According to the textbook, the first public film screening in the Western world was held by the Lumiรจre Brothers at which location and in which year?
  • Kinetoscope Parlour, New York City, USA, 1893
  • Grand Cafรฉ, Paris, France, December 1895โœ”๏ธ
  • Watson Hotel, Bombay, India, July 1896
  • Nickelodeon Theatre, Pittsburgh, USA, 1905
Correct Answer Logic:

The textbook states: “The Lumiรจre Brothers of France exhibited their short films in December 1895 at Grande Cafe, Paris.” This is widely recognised as the world's first public commercial film screening. Key film history milestones to distinguish:

  • 1877: Eadweard Muybridge's sequential photos of a horse (establishing the optical principles)
  • 1889: Thomas Edison developed the Kinetograph camera and Kinetoscope (peepshow viewer โ€” for one person at a time)
  • 1893: Kinetoscope marketed in penny arcades (NOT a public projection)
  • December 1895: Lumiรจre Brothers' Cinรฉmatographe first public screening, Grand Cafรฉ, Paris (the true birth of cinema as a group experience)
  • 1896: Lumiรจres brought films to India (Watson Hotel, Bombay, 7 July 1896)
  • 1905: First movie theatre (nickelodeon) opened in Pittsburgh

The distinction between Edison's individual-viewer Kinetoscope and the Lumiรจres' projected Cinรฉmatographe is crucial: only the latter created cinema as a shared social experience.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7167
Question 12
Under what specific conditions can the Tyndall effect be clearly observed?
  • Particle diameter is much smaller than the wavelength; refractive indices are similar
  • Particle diameter is not much smaller than the wavelength; refractive indices are similar
  • Particle diameter is much smaller than the wavelength; refractive indices differ significantly
  • Particle diameter is not much smaller than the wavelength; refractive indices differ significantlyโœ”๏ธ
Correct Answer Logic:
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles. It is observed only when:
  • The diameter of the dispersed particles is not much smaller than the wavelength of light used.
  • The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium differ greatly in magnitude.
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Islamic Studies QUESTION #636
Question 13
Who was the first to treat Hindus as "People of the Book" in his time?
  • Hazrat Usman Ghani
  • Muhammad bin Qasimโœ”๏ธ
  • Muhallab bin Abi Safra
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
Muhammad bin Qasim granted them status similar to Dhimmis upon the conquest of Sindh.
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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #789
Question 14
Which is universal solvent?
  • Waterโœ”๏ธ
  • HCl
  • Ether
  • None
Correct Answer Logic:
Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid due to its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds.
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Mathematics QUESTION #7462
Question 15
The expression \(\frac{\tan A}{1-\cot A} + \frac{\cot A}{1-\tan A}\) can be written as:
  • sinA cosA + 1
  • secA cosecA + 1โœ”๏ธ
  • tanA + cotA
  • secA + cosecA
Correct Answer Logic:
Rewriting in terms of sine and cosine: \(\frac{\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}}{1-\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}} + \frac{\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}}{1-\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}} = \frac{\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}}{\frac{\sin A - \cos A}{\sin A}} + \frac{\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}}{\frac{\cos A - \sin A}{\cos A}} = \frac{\sin^2 A}{\cos A(\sin A - \cos A)} + \frac{\cos^2 A}{\sin A(\cos A - \sin A)}\). Taking common denominator: \(= \frac{\sin^2 A}{\cos A(\sin A - \cos A)} - \frac{\cos^2 A}{\sin A(\sin A - \cos A)} = \frac{\sin^3 A - \cos^3 A}{\sin A \cos A (\sin A - \cos A)}\). Using \(a^3-b^3 = (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)\): \(= \frac{(\sin A - \cos A)(\sin^2 A + \sin A \cos A + \cos^2 A)}{\sin A \cos A (\sin A - \cos A)} = \frac{1 + \sin A \cos A}{\sin A \cos A} = \frac{1}{\sin A \cos A} + 1 = \sec A \csc A + 1\).
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3519
Question 16
An 'Allergen' is a substance that:
  • Causes a disease
  • Triggers an allergic reaction (hypersensitivity)โœ”๏ธ
  • Cures a headache
  • Increases energy
Correct Answer Logic:
Allergens stimulate the immune system to react excessively.
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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6397
Question 17
In advertising terminology, what is the difference between classified advertisements and display advertisements?
  • Classified ads appear online only; display ads appear in print only
  • Classified ads are brief, typically single-column text listings (like job postings or for-sale notices); display ads are larger, can span multiple columns, and typically include visual design elementsโœ”๏ธ
  • Classified ads are always free; display ads require payment
  • Display ads are government-mandated public notices; classified ads are commercial promotions
Correct Answer Logic:

The textbook describes two main types of newspaper advertising:

  • Classified Advertisements: Brief, text-only ads, usually confined to a single column. They are the simplest form of print advertising โ€” historically used for job vacancies, property rentals, for-sale items, personal notices, and service listings. The term “classified” comes from their organisation into categories (jobs, real estate, vehicles, etc.).
  • Display Advertisements: Larger, visually designed ads that can span multiple columns. They include graphics, logos, photographs, colour, and creative layouts designed to attract attention. Display ads are the dominant format for branding and promotional campaigns. The first multi-column display ads in the U.S. were used to promote transcontinental railroad bonds in the 1860s.

The textbook notes that newspapers typically charge display ads in advance, but advertising agencies are given 90-day credit terms. Premium placement (front page, specific positions) can cost up to 400% more than standard rates.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9072
Question 18
To the south of Pakistan lies:
  • Iran
  • China
  • Afghanistan
  • The Arabian Seaโœ”๏ธ
Correct Answer Logic:
The Arabian Sea lies south of Pakistan.
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Correct Answer Logic:
The bar for activity 3 reaches 48 on the vertical axis.
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Logical Reasoning QUESTION #3955
Question 20
Despite their microscopic size, there are very few biological materials that these _____ cannot _____.
  • undermineโœ”๏ธ
  • disseminate
  • aerate
  • exterminate
Correct Answer Logic:
1
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