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de Broglie wavelength: $\lambda = \dfrac{h}{mv}$

$\dfrac{\lambda_p}{\lambda_e} = \dfrac{m_e v_e}{m_p v_p} = \dfrac{m_e}{m_p \times 3} = 1.8 \times 10^{-4}$

$m_p = \dfrac{m_e}{3 \times 1.8 \times 10^{-4}} = \dfrac{9.1 \times 10^{-31}}{5.4 \times 10^{-4}} \approx 6.68 \times 10^{-27}$ kg

This is approximately 4 times the proton mass, matching the $\alpha$-particle (He nucleus, mass $\approx 4$ u).

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3628

Question 6

The 'Unani' system of medicine was developed by:

Chinese
Greeks (and furthered by Arabs/Persians)✔️
Indians
Americans

Correct Answer Logic:

Unani is based on the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen.

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Electrical Engineering QUESTION #2138

Question 7

Which loss in a transformer is effectively minimized by laminating the magnetic core?

Hysteresis loss
Copper loss
Eddy current loss✔️
Stray load loss

Correct Answer Logic:

Laminating the core increases resistance to circulating currents, thereby reducing power loss due to eddy currents ($P_e \propto f^2 B_{max}^2 t^2$).

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HR and Management QUESTION #6473

Question 8

The interrelationship of HR functions suggests that:

HR functions operate independently in silos
HR functions are interconnected and affect each other✔️
Some HR functions are more important than others
HR functions can be eliminated without consequences

Correct Answer Logic:

HR functions are interconnected - staffing affects training needs; training affects performance; performance affects compensation; compensation affects retention; retention affects staffing. Effective HRM requires understanding and managing these interdependencies.

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Mathematics QUESTION #1276

Question 9

The order of the cyclic subgroup generated by $\bar{6}$ in $\mathbb{Z}_{18}$ is:

2
3✔️
6
9

Correct Answer Logic:

The order of $\bar{a}$ in $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is $\dfrac{n}{\gcd(n,a)}$. Here $n=18$, $a=6$: order $=\dfrac{18}{\gcd(18,6)}=\dfrac{18}{6}=3$.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4647

Question 10

Snakes and hawks are the predators of mice in the field. Dogs which also feed on mice are bought on the scene. What will be the immediate result?

Increase in the number of snakes✔️
Decrease in the number of snakes and hawks
Decrease in the number of mice
Decrease in the number of dogs

Correct Answer Logic:

2

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Chemistry QUESTION #7510

Question 11

A car tyre is filled with nitrogen gas at 35 psi at 27°C. The tyre will burst if pressure exceeds 40 psi. At what temperature (in °C) will the tyre burst?

27°C
69°C
72°C✔️
100°C

Correct Answer Logic:

At constant volume: $\dfrac{P_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2}{T_2}$ (Gay-Lussac's Law)

$P_1 = 35\ \text{psi},\ T_1 = 27 + 273 = 300\ \text{K}$

$P_2 = 40\ \text{psi}$

$T_2 = T_1 \times \dfrac{P_2}{P_1} = 300 \times \dfrac{40}{35} = 300 \times 1.1\overline{428} \approx 342.86\ \text{K}$

$T_2\ (°C) = 342.86 - 273 \approx \mathbf{72}°\text{C}$

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6087

Question 12

Which statements regarding debenture interest are true?

The interest rate is always higher than the dividend per share.
Interest is recorded in the statement of changes in equity.
Interest is paid before dividends are distributed to ordinary shareholders.
Interest must be paid even if the company makes a loss.

1, 2 and 3
1, 3 and 4
2 and 3 only
3 and 4 only✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Debenture interest is a charge against profit (expense), not an appropriation in the statement of changes in equity. It must be paid regardless of profit/loss and always before dividends. Statement 1 is not necessarily true.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #1216

Question 13

When issuing an unqualified opinion, the auditor who evaluates audit findings should be satisfied that the:

Amount of known misstatement is documented in working papers
Estimates of the total likely misstatement is less than materiality level✔️
Estimates of the total likely misstatement is more than materiality level
Estimates of the total likely misstatement cannot be made

Correct Answer Logic:

An unqualified (clean) audit opinion is issued when the auditor concludes that the financial statements are free from material misstatement. This requires that the estimated total likely misstatement (both known and projected) is less than the materiality level established for the audit. If misstatements exceed materiality, a qualified or adverse opinion is required.

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Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5729

Question 14

Hospital waste management classifies $80\%$ of waste as general. What are the characteristics of the remaining $20\%$?

Paper and plastic
Non-medical waste
Hazardous material (infectious, toxic, or radioactive)✔️
Organic food waste

Correct Answer Logic:

The text states $20\%$ is hazardous material.

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Tourism & Hospitality Management QUESTION #1601

Question 15

The Cultural Tourism course identifies 'globalization' as both an opportunity and a challenge. In the context of Pakistan's cultural tourism, globalization primarily threatens which aspect?

The financial revenue generated by cultural tourism
The authenticity and continuity of endangered local cultures and traditions✔️
The number of international tourist arrivals
The government's ability to build new museums

Correct Answer Logic:

Module 4 of the Cultural Tourism course lists Globalization under 'Cultural Tourism Issues & Challenges' alongside Terrorism, Poverty, and Preservation — recognizing that globalization can homogenize cultures, erode local traditions, and threaten the authenticity of tangible and intangible cultural heritage that forms Pakistan's cultural tourism base.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2488

Question 16

The degree of freedom of a 'ball-and-socket' (sphere) kinematic pair is:

$1$ DOF
$2$ DOF
$3$ DOF✔️
$6$ DOF

Correct Answer Logic:

A ball-and-socket (spherical) kinematic pair allows three independent angular rotations between the joined links — it is a 3rd-class pair (removes 3 DOF from 6, leaving 3 DOF).

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6054

Question 17

Which of the following errors would be detected when a trial balance is extracted?

A transaction has been entirely omitted from the books
The debit and credit entries have been reversed
Different amounts have been entered for the debit and credit sides of a transaction✔️
An expense has been incorrectly posted to a non-current asset account

Correct Answer Logic:

A trial balance checks whether total debits equal total credits. If different amounts are posted on the debit and credit sides of the same transaction, the totals will not agree and the error will be detected. The other errors — complete omissions, reversed entries, and misclassification between accounts — all maintain the arithmetic equality of debits and credits, so they go undetected by a trial balance.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #7617

Question 18

تلمود (Talmud) کس مذہب کی مقدس کتاب ہے؟

ہندو
یہودی✔️
عیسائی
بدھ مت

Correct Answer Logic:

تلمود یہودی مذہب کی ایک اہم کتاب ہے جو مشنا اور جمارا پر مشتمل ہے، اور یہ تورات کے بعد دوسری اہمیت رکھتی ہے۔

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Biology QUESTION #4270

Question 19

Best description of the process of crossing over during meiosis:

Duplication of chromosome
Exchange of genes between non-sister chromatids✔️
Movement of chromosome to opposite poles
Separation of sister chromatids

Correct Answer Logic:

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis when non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments, increasing genetic diversity.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3449

Question 20

'Competitive Inhibition' can be overcome by:

Decreasing temperature
Increasing substrate concentration✔️
Adding more enzyme
Removing water

Correct Answer Logic:

More substrate 'out-competes' the inhibitor for the active site.

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