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- Initial wavelength: $\lambda_{1} = \frac{h}{mv}$
- New mass $m' = 2m$, New velocity $v' = 3v$
- New wavelength: $\lambda_{2} = \frac{h}{(2m)(3v)} = \frac{h}{6mv}$
- Therefore, $\lambda_{2} = \frac{\lambda_{1}}{6}$
Thermal stress is the pressure required to prevent expansion and is given by:
- $\text{Stress} = Y \alpha \Delta \theta$ [cite: 431]
- $\text{Stress} = (2 \times 10^{11}) \times (1.1 \times 10^{-5}) \times 100$ [cite: 430, 431]
- $\text{Stress} = 2.2 \times 10^{8}\text{ Pa}$
For \(n = 4\): \(4^2 = 16\) orbitals
Breakdown:
- 4s: 1 orbital
- 4p: 3 orbitals
- 4d: 5 orbitals
- 4f: 7 orbitals
- Total = 1+3+5+7 = 16
SWOT Analysis stands for: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. It is a strategic planning tool used as part of the situational analysis in the first step of the PR process (“Defining PR Problems”). In the PR context:
- Strengths: Internal positive factors — what the organisation does well
- Weaknesses: Internal negative factors — areas of improvement needed
- Opportunities: External positive factors — favourable trends or situations the organisation can exploit
- Threats: External negative factors — risks from competitors, regulations, or public perception
The SWOT analysis is the diagnostic foundation of the PR campaign. Without understanding the current situation comprehensively, the subsequent strategy, implementation, and evaluation steps cannot be done effectively. SWOT was originally developed as a general business strategy tool and has been widely adopted across public relations, marketing, and management.
Bulk Modulus $K = \frac{\Delta P}{-\Delta V/V}$.
- The change in pressure is $\Delta P = \frac{mg}{a}$.
- The fractional change in volume for a sphere is $\frac{\Delta V}{V} = 3\frac{dr}{r}$.
- $K = \frac{mg/a}{3dr/r} \implies \frac{dr}{r} = \frac{mg}{3Ka}$.
The average number of pages in 1940 was 30. Twice this amount is $2 \times 30 = 60$ pages.
Check each year:
- 1940: 30 pages (not $\geq 60$) ✗
- 1950: 55 pages (not $\geq 60$) ✗
- 1960: 82 pages ($\geq 60$) ✓
- 1970: 70 pages ($\geq 60$) ✓
- 1980: 74 pages ($\geq 60$) ✓
Three years (1960, 1970, and 1980) had at least twice the 1940 average.
The thermal stress required to keep the length constant is given by the formula:
- $\text{Stress} = Y \alpha \Delta T$
- Substituting the values: $\text{Stress} = (2 \times 10^{11}) \times (1.1 \times 10^{-5}) \times 100$
- $\text{Stress} = 2.2 \times 10^{8}\text{ Pa}$
Pressure is equivalent to the stress applied at the ends.
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