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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3484

Question 1861

Which alkaloid is obtained from 'Atropa belladonna'?

Quinine
Atropine✔️
Morphine
Reserpine

Correct Answer Logic:

Atropine is a tropane alkaloid used as an antispasmodic and mydriatic.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #9014

Question 1862

How many countries are members of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)?

6
7✔️
8
9

Correct Answer Logic:

SAARC has 8 member states (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka).

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Physics QUESTION #6999

Question 1863

A solid sphere of mass $M$ and radius $R$ has a spherical cavity of radius $R/2$ carved out from it. Taking gravitational potential $V = 0$ at $r = \infty$, the potential at the centre of the cavity is:

$-\dfrac{GM}{2R}$
$-\dfrac{GM}{R}$✔️
$-\dfrac{2GM}{3R}$
$-\dfrac{2GM}{R}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Using the superposition principle: Potential at cavity centre = (Potential due to full sphere at that point) $-$ (Potential due to removed small sphere at its own centre).

The cavity centre is at distance $R/2$ from the big sphere centre.

Potential due to full sphere at $r = R/2$ (inside):

$V_{full} = -\frac{GM}{2R^3}\left(3R^2 - \frac{R^2}{4}\right) = -\frac{11GM}{8R}$

Potential due to removed sphere (mass $M/8$, radius $R/2$) at its own centre:

$V_{small} = -\frac{3G(M/8)}{2(R/2)} = -\frac{3GM}{8R}$

$V_{cavity} = V_{full} - V_{small} = -\frac{11GM}{8R} + \frac{3GM}{8R} = -\frac{GM}{R}$

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics QUESTION #3850

Question 1864

What is the most reliable pharmacokinetic measurement to demonstrate bioequivalence between two tablet formulations containing the same drug dose?

Disintegration time
Dissolution time
Serum concentration✔️
Rate of excretion

Correct Answer Logic:

Bioequivalence is established by comparing pharmacokinetic parameters ($\text{AUC}$, $C_{\max}$, and $T_{\max}$) derived from serum concentration–time profiles after administration of both formulations.

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English QUESTION #8476

Question 1865

Select the word OPPOSITE in meaning to: Microcosm

universe
atomic
celestial
macrocosm✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Microcosm is a small representative system; macrocosm is the large whole.

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Constitutional Law QUESTION #5815

Question 1866

A city ordinance prohibits the display of any sign that 'tends to incite a breach of the peace' or 'causes offense to members of a protected class.' A protester is arrested for holding a sign that says 'All Politicians are Thieves.' Is the ordinance constitutional?

Yes, because the city has a compelling interest in preventing breaches of the peace.
Yes, because the sign constitutes 'fighting words.'
No, because the ordinance is overbroad and vague.✔️
No, because political speech is subject to the highest level of protection.

Correct Answer Logic:

The ordinance is likely unconstitutional for vagueness (what 'causes offense' is subjective) and overbreadth (it could prohibit a vast amount of protected speech). 'Fighting words' must be face-to-face insults likely to provoke an immediate violent response, not general political statements.

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Logical Reasoning QUESTION #4433

Question 1867

One apple pie has $10$ slices, and each apple pie feeds five people. Henry is having a party with $200$ people. How many slices of pie does he need?

200
50
400✔️
100

Correct Answer Logic:

Each pie feeds $5$ people and has $10$ slices, so each person gets $\dfrac{10}{5} = 2$ slices. For $200$ people: total slices $= 200 \times 2 = 400$ slices.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1809

Question 1868

According to Rule 19(3), the Authority is required to evaluate and decide upon a blacklisting review petition within how many days of its filing?

Thirty days
Sixty days
Ninety days✔️
One hundred and twenty days

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 19(3) stipulates that once a review petition against blacklisting or debarment is filed before the Authority, the Authority shall evaluate the case and render its decision within ninety days of filing. The decision of the Authority is considered final.

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Physics QUESTION #1176

Question 1869

The Zeeman effect is due to the interaction of:

External magnetic field and total magnetic field of the specimen✔️
External electric field and magnetic field of specimen
L, S coupling
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

The Zeeman effect is the splitting of spectral lines when an atom is placed in an external magnetic field. It arises due to the interaction between the externally applied magnetic field and the total magnetic moment (orbital + spin) of the atom. The energy levels split according to $\Delta E = m_l \mu_B B$.

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Home Economics QUESTION #6273

Question 1870

According to Vygotsky, the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with help is:

Cognitive Dissonance
The Zone of Proximal Development✔️
Scaffolding
The Sensory Register

Correct Answer Logic:

The ZPD is the range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to master alone but can be learned with guidance.

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English QUESTION #8573

Question 1871

What does the idiom 'to husband one's resources' mean?

to manage one's means with frugality✔️
to hand over everything to husband
to take household expenses from husband
to leave all affairs to life partner

Correct Answer Logic:

'Husband' as a verb means to manage resources carefully.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1851

Question 1872

Who is the appointing authority for posts in BPS 20 and above?

Chairman FPSC
Federal Minister
Prime Minister✔️
President

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 6(1) Table entry (1) specifies the Prime Minister as appointing authority for posts in BPS 20 and above. (Note: posts in President's Secretariat are appointed by the President.)

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Urdu QUESTION #5204

Question 1873

قواعد کی اس شاخ کو کیا کہتے ہیں جس میں لفظ اور اس کی ساخت پر بحث کی جاتی ہے؟

نحو
صرف✔️
مرکب
قواعد

Correct Answer Logic:

صرف قواعد کا وہ حصہ ہے جس میں الفاظ کی ساخت، تصریف اور کلمات کی اقسام پر بحث کی جاتی ہے۔

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5910

Question 1874

The $\alpha_{s1}$-casein phosphoserine residues are significant because:

Casein is not phosphorylated; calcium binds via carboxyl groups only
$\alpha_{s1}$-casein has $8$ phosphoserine residues that bind calcium and form the core of casein micelles; phosphorylation is essential for CCP bridging✔️
Casein is phosphorylated only at tyrosine residues
$\beta$-casein carries no phosphate groups

Correct Answer Logic:

$\alpha_{s1}$-casein has $8$ phosphoserine residues clustered in specific phosphopeptide sequences. These serine phosphate groups are essential for binding colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) and forming calcium bridges between casein molecules, critical for micelle architecture and stability.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2465

Question 1875

In epicyclic (planetary) gear trains, the contour method velocity equation requires that the sum of relative angular velocities around a closed loop satisfies:

$\sum_i \omega_{i,i-1} = \omega_{input}$
$\sum_i \omega_{i,i-1} = 0$ and $\sum_i \overrightarrow{AA_i} \times \omega_{i,i-1} = 0$✔️
$\prod_i \omega_{i,i-1} = 1$
$\sum_i N_i \omega_{i,i-1} = 0$

Correct Answer Logic:

The velocity equations for a simple closed kinematic chain: $\sum_i v_{i,i-1}=0$ and $\sum_i \overrightarrow{AA_i}\times v_{i,i-1}=0$.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2418

Question 1876

Newton's Law of Cooling for convection heat transfer gives the heat flux $q''_{conv}$ as:

$q''_{conv} = k(T_w - T_\infty)/L$
$q''_{conv} = h(T_w - T_\infty)$ where $h$ is the convection coefficient (W/m²·K)✔️
$q''_{conv} = \sigma\varepsilon T_w^4$
$q''_{conv} = \rho c_p (T_w - T_\infty)$

Correct Answer Logic:

Newton's Law of Cooling: $q''_{conv}=h(T_w-T_\infty)$, where $h$ (W/m²·K) is the convection heat transfer coefficient.

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Psychology QUESTION #1455

Question 1877

Which term is used for the study of psychological development across the lifespan?

Cognitive psychology
Developmental psychology✔️
Social psychology
Neuropsychology

Correct Answer Logic:

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans change across the entire lifespan — from conception through old age. It examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. Key theorists include Piaget (cognitive development), Erikson (psychosocial development), and Vygotsky (social learning). Social psychology studies group behavior; neuropsychology focuses on brain-behavior relationships.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4121

Question 1878

By Mean Value Theorem on $f(x) = e^x$, for $x > 0$, there exists $c \in (0, x)$ such that:

$e^x - 1 = e^c \cdot x$✔️
$e^x - 1 = x$
$e^x = 1 + cx$
$\frac{e^x - 1}{x} = c$

Correct Answer Logic:

MVT: $\frac{f(x) - f(0)}{x - 0} = f'(c) = e^c$. So $\frac{e^x - 1}{x} = e^c$, giving $e^x - 1 = xe^c$.

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Administration QUESTION #9594

Question 1879

A manufacturing plant lays out its equipment by type (all lathes together, all drilling machines together, all welders together). A job order moves through multiple departments in a non-linear sequence. This is a process layout (functional layout). What is the primary operational trade-off compared to a product (assembly line) layout?

Process layout sacrifices flexibility for efficiency — suitable only for high-volume standardized products
Process layout offers high flexibility for diverse, low-volume custom jobs but produces higher material handling costs, longer throughput times and complex scheduling — the opposite of a product layout which sacrifices flexibility for efficiency in high-volume standardized production✔️
Process layout is more capital-efficient because general-purpose machines are cheaper than specialized equipment, but produces higher defect rates due to frequent machine changeovers
Process layout eliminates the problem of line balancing but creates capacity bottlenecks at the most popular machine type

Correct Answer Logic:

Process (functional) layout organizes equipment by type — ideal for job shops producing diverse custom products in low volumes. Its advantages are flexibility and ability to handle varied routings. Its disadvantages are high work-in-process inventory, complex scheduling (each job follows a different route), high material handling costs and long lead times. Product layout (assembly line) is the opposite: efficient for high-volume standard products but inflexible. This is the fundamental operations management trade-off.

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #881

Question 1880

The "Incident Command System" (ICS) is used by ASF to:

Track staff leave
Organize a modular emergency response✔️
Check passenger IDs
Manage the canteen

Correct Answer Logic:

ICS is a standardized hierarchy that allows for a flexible response to incidents of any size.

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