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Mathematics QUESTION #1314

The Fourier series of a function $f(x)$ on $(-\pi,\pi)$ is given by $f(x)=\dfrac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^\infty(a_n\cos nx+b_n\sin nx)$. The coefficient $a_0$ is:

$\dfrac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\,dx$✔️
$\dfrac{2}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\,dx$
$\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\,dx$
$\dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\,dx$

Correct Answer Logic:

$a_0=\dfrac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\,dx$. Then $a_n=\dfrac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\cos nx\,dx$ and $b_n=\dfrac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\sin nx\,dx$. The constant term in the series is $\dfrac{a_0}{2}$.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1808

Question 142

Under Rule 19(3), a bidder wishing to file a review petition against a blacklisting or debarment decision must do so within how many days of communication of such action?

Fifteen days
Twenty-one days
Thirty days✔️
Sixty days

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 19(3) provides that the aggrieved bidder may file a review petition before the Authority within thirty days of communication of the blacklisting or barring action, after depositing the prescribed fee and following the procedure issued by the Authority.

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General Abilities QUESTION #4582

Question 143

Average of $8, 12, 16, 20, 24$ is:

$16$✔️
$80$
$15$
$20$

Correct Answer Logic:

Average = $\frac{8+12+16+20+24}{5} = \frac{80}{5} = 16$

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Chemistry QUESTION #7823

Question 144

760 torr is equal to how many Pascals?

1
76
760
101325✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Standard atmospheric pressure: 760 torr = 1 atm = 101325 Pa.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #7712

Question 145

Who became the first female Prime Minister of Italy in 2022?

Angela Merkel
Giorgia Meloni✔️
Marine Le Pen
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Giorgia Meloni became Italy's first female Prime Minister in October 2022. She leads the right-wing Brothers of Italy party and formed a coalition government, marking a significant shift in Italian politics.

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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6354

Question 146

David Berlo's SMCR Model (1960) identifies five communication skills. Two are encoding skills and two are decoding skills, with one skill common to both. Which of the following correctly identifies ALL five?

Encoding: Listening and Reading; Decoding: Speaking and Writing; Common: Reasoning
Encoding: Speaking and Writing; Decoding: Listening and Reading; Common: Thought or Reasoning✔️
Encoding: Reading and Reasoning; Decoding: Writing and Speaking; Common: Listening
Encoding: Speaking and Listening; Decoding: Reading and Writing; Common: Thinking

Correct Answer Logic:

David Berlo's SMCR (Source-Message-Channel-Receiver) Model places heavy emphasis on the communication skills of both the source/encoder and the receiver/decoder. According to Berlo:

Encoding skills (producing messages): Speaking and Writing
Decoding skills (receiving messages): Listening and Reading
Skill common to both encoding and decoding: Thought or Reasoning — the intellectual capacity to analyse intentions and translate them into appropriate language or interpret received language accurately

Berlo also stressed the dyadic (two-party, relationship-based) nature of communication: the same skill level in a source might succeed with one receiver but fail with another because the receiver's skill, knowledge, attitude, and socio-cultural background differ. This makes fidelity — the degree to which the received message matches the intended message — the key measure of communication quality.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #1206

Question 147

Over-applied overhead means:

Actual overheads are less than applied overheads.✔️
Actual overheads are greater than applied overheads.
Fixed costs were not allocated properly.
Direct labor costs were overstated.

Correct Answer Logic:

Overhead is applied to production using a predetermined rate. Over-applied overhead occurs when the applied overhead (predetermined rate × actual activity) exceeds the actual overhead incurred. In other words, actual overheads < applied overheads. This means production was charged more overhead than was actually spent.

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English QUESTION #7648

Question 148

Which word is the synonym of "Sentient"?

Sensitive✔️
Nonsensical
Sensational
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

'Sentient' means able to perceive or feel things, being conscious or aware. 'Sensitive' is the closest synonym as it relates to the ability to perceive and respond to stimuli, though 'sentient' specifically emphasizes consciousness and awareness.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3532

Question 149

A 'Carminative' is a drug that:

Relieves flatulence (gas) from the GI tract✔️
Cures cancer
Reduces fever
Causes vomiting

Correct Answer Logic:

Fennel, Cardamom, and Ginger are classic carminatives.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1509

Question 150

In information retrieval, which type of retrieval tool uses a controlled vocabulary to represent the subject content of documents?

Full-text search engine
Thesaurus-based index✔️
Free-text keyword system
Boolean retrieval without vocabulary control

Correct Answer Logic:

A thesaurus-based index uses a controlled vocabulary — a structured list of preferred terms with cross-references — to consistently represent subject content, improving retrieval precision over uncontrolled free-text keyword systems.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1903

Question 151

Under Rule 3(d) retention in service of a government servant engaged in subversive activities must be what for action to be taken?

Contrary to departmental policy
Prejudicial to national security✔️
Against the wishes of the Prime Minister
Contrary to NAB guidelines

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 3(d) specifically requires that the government servant's retention in service must be prejudicial to national security as the additional condition for action on grounds of subversive activities or disclosure of official secrets.

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Psychology QUESTION #9920

Question 152

Many neo-Freudians have modified Freud's original theory to give more emphasis to:

Childhood sexuality
Social and cultural factors✔️
Differences between the sexes
Unconscious forces

Correct Answer Logic:

Neo-Freudians (Adler, Horney, Fromm, Sullivan, Erikson) retained emphasis on the unconscious but placed greater weight on social, cultural, and interpersonal factors in personality — their major departure from orthodox Freudianism.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2380

Question 153

For a closed-loop (negative feedback) control system with forward path transfer function $Y_1(s)$ and feedback path $Y_2(s)$, the closed-loop transfer function is:

$Y(s) = Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)$
$Y(s) = \frac{Y_1(s)}{1 + Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)}$✔️
$Y(s) = \frac{Y_1(s)}{1 - Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)}$
$Y(s) = \frac{1}{1 + Y_1(s)}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The closed-loop (negative feedback) transfer function: $Y(s)=\frac{Y_1(s)}{1+Y_1(s)Y_2(s)}$. For unity feedback ($Y_2=1$): $Y(s)=\frac{Y_1(s)}{1+Y_1(s)}$. This is the fundamental closed-loop formula.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #9618

Question 154

A fixed asset costing Rs. 300,000 is depreciated on a straight-line basis at 20% per annum. After three full years the management decides to revalue it to its current market value of Rs. 180,000. Under Option 1 (eliminating accumulated depreciation against cost), what is the journal entry to record the revaluation gain?

Debit: Asset A/c Rs. 60,000; Credit: Revaluation Reserve Rs. 60,000✔️
Debit: Revaluation Reserve Rs. 60,000; Credit: Asset A/c Rs. 60,000
Debit: Asset A/c Rs. 60,000; Credit: P&L Account Rs. 60,000
Debit: Asset A/c Rs. 180,000; Credit: Revaluation Reserve Rs. 180,000

Correct Answer Logic:

After 3 years: Accumulated Depreciation = 300,000 × 20% × 3 = Rs. 180,000; WDV = Rs. 120,000. Under Option 1, accumulated depreciation is first eliminated: Dr. Acc. Dep Rs. 180,000 / Cr. Asset Rs. 180,000 (making net asset Rs. 120,000). Then asset is increased to market value Rs. 180,000: increase = 180,000 – 120,000 = Rs. 60,000. Entry: Dr. Asset Rs. 60,000 / Cr. Revaluation Reserve Rs. 60,000.

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General Abilities QUESTION #4631

Question 155

What is $0.5^2$?

$0.25$✔️
$1$
$0.05$
$2.5$

Correct Answer Logic:

$0.5^2 = 0.5 \times 0.5 = 0.25$

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2466

Question 156

The addendum of a standard full-depth involute gear tooth in SI units (module $m$) equals:

$a = 1.25m$
$a = m$✔️
$a = 0.8m$
$a = 1.157m$

Correct Answer Logic:

For standard full-depth involute teeth (SI, 20° pressure angle): addendum $a=m$ (one module), minimum dedendum $b=1.25m$.

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Administration QUESTION #9572

Question 157

Fayol's principle of 'esprit de corps' (union is strength) and the concept of informal teams overlap in function but operate through different mechanisms. What is the critical distinction between the two, and why does it matter for a public manager?

Esprit de corps is a managerial principle applied through formal rewards; informal teams are spontaneous — managers should suppress informal teams to maintain formal discipline
Esprit de corps is a normative management principle encouraging teamwork through formal policy; informal teams emerge spontaneously from interpersonal interaction and serve social functions that formal structures cannot provide — managers should understand and leverage both✔️
Esprit de corps applies only to senior management; informal teams are relevant only at operational levels — each requires a different managerial response
Esprit de corps is part of the Classical School and is therefore incompatible with the Human Relations approach that generated the concept of informal teams

Correct Answer Logic:

Esprit de corps (Fayol) is a managerial aspiration achieved through deliberate policy — creating team unity through communication, fair treatment and shared purpose. Informal teams arise organically from social interaction and provide social satisfaction, status and solidarity that formal structures cannot deliver. A skilled public manager uses Fayol's principles to build formal cohesion while also recognizing informal dynamics — to channel social energy toward organizational goals rather than conflict.

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Psychology QUESTION #9842

Question 158

Development of any skill depends intimately on:

Muscle facility
Feedback✔️
Abstractions
Kinesthetic stimulation

Correct Answer Logic:

Feedback is essential for skill development. Without information about performance accuracy, errors cannot be corrected. Research on motor learning consistently shows that immediate, informative feedback accelerates learning.

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Chemistry QUESTION #1438

Question 159

Starch is composed of:

Amylose and amylopectin✔️
Glycogen and amylopectin
Amylopectin and cellulose
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Starch is a polysaccharide storage carbohydrate in plants composed of two components: (1) Amylose — a linear polymer of glucose linked by $\alpha$-1,4-glycosidic bonds (~20–30% of starch), and (2) Amylopectin — a branched polymer with $\alpha$-1,4 linkages in the main chain and $\alpha$-1,6 linkages at branch points (~70–80%). Glycogen is the animal storage polysaccharide.

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The Elections Act 2017 QUESTION #9461

Question 160

Section 148(6)(a) provides that if an election petition is not decided within the mandatory period, further adjournments may be granted only on payment of special costs. As amended in 2023, the cost range per adjournment is:

Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 100,000
Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 25,000
Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 50,000✔️
Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 75,000

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 148(6)(a) [2023 amendment] states: 'special costs ranging from ten thousand to fifty thousand rupees per adjournment and adjournment shall not be granted for more than three days.'

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