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In the HRM definition as 'policies and practices needed to carry out the people function of management,' which is NOT explicitly mentioned as an included activity?
The definition explicitly mentions recruiting, screening, training, rewarding, and appraising as policies and practices. While strategic planning is important in modern HRM, it's not explicitly listed in this basic definition of the people function.
Birth-related Brachial Plexus Injuries:
| Type | Nerve Roots | Presentation | Cause |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erb's Palsy | C5, C6 | 'Waiter's tip': arm adducted, internally rotated, elbow extended, wrist pronated, fingers flexed | Shoulder dystocia (excessive lateral neck traction) |
| Klumpke's Palsy | C8, T1 | Claw hand deformity (intrinsic hand muscles paralyzed); Horner's syndrome if T1 root avulsed | Arm hyperabduction during delivery |
| Total Plexus Palsy | C5–T1 | Flail arm, complete paralysis | Severe traction |
'Waiter's tip' = Erb's Palsy (C5–C6). Absent Moro on the affected side (normal Moro requires shoulder abduction/external rotation via C5–C6).
Nursing management:
- Gentle range of motion exercises after 7–10 days
- Proper positioning (avoid abduction)
- Physiotherapy referral
- Most recover spontaneously in 3–6 months
- EMG/nerve conduction at 3 months if no improvement
- Surgical repair (nerve grafting) if no recovery by 3–9 months
Draft statement of financial position: Ordinary share capital $900,000; Share premium $80,000; General reserve $96,000; Retained earnings (opening) $230,000; Profit for year $145,000. What is the maximum dividend the company can declare?
Option C ($471,000) is correct.
Dividends can only be paid from distributable (revenue) reserves:
- Retained earnings: $230,000
- Profit for year: $145,000
- General reserve: $96,000
Total = $471,000
Share premium ($80,000) is a capital reserve — not distributable.
Beta-Thalassemia Major (Cooley's Anemia) — requires chronic blood transfusions leading to Iron Overload (Hemosiderosis/Hemochromatosis).
Mechanism:
\[\text{Each unit pRBC} \approx 200{-}250\,\text{mg iron}\]
Human body has no active iron excretion mechanism → iron accumulates in organs:
- Liver: Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis
- Heart: Cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias (leading cause of death in thalassemia)
- Endocrine glands: Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, growth retardation
- Skin: Bronze discoloration
Monitoring: Serum ferritin (target \(<1000\,\mu\text{g/L}\)), MRI T2* (cardiac iron)
Iron Chelation Therapy:
| Drug | Route | Dose | Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Desferrioxamine (DFO) | SC (8–12 hr infusion) or IV | \(25{-}50\,\text{mg/kg/day}\) | Auditory/visual toxicity |
| Deferasirox (Exjade) | Oral | \(20{-}40\,\text{mg/kg/day}\) | GI upset, renal toxicity |
| Deferiprone | Oral | \(75\,\text{mg/kg/day}\) | Agranulocytosis |
Curative treatment: Bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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