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Law QUESTION #9528

A files a suit against B claiming Rs. 200,000 as price of goods sold. B in his written statement claims a set-off of Rs. 250,000 for a separate unliquidated claim for damages for breach of another contract. Can B's set-off be recognised as a legal set-off?

Yes; the Court can estimate the damages and allow the set-off
Yes; since both arise from business dealings, the set-off is permissible
No; a legal set-off under Order VIII Rule 6 must be for an ascertained sum of money legally recoverable; an unliquidated claim for damages is not an ascertained sum and cannot be pleaded as a legal set-off, though it may be raised as an equitable set-off in appropriate circumstances✔️
Yes; any financial claim qualifies as a set-off

Correct Answer Logic:

Order VIII Rule 6 CPC requires that a legal set-off be for an ascertained sum of money legally recoverable from the plaintiff. An unliquidated claim for damages that has not been reduced to a definite sum does not satisfy this requirement. Such claims may be raised as a counter-claim or equitable set-off, but not as a legal set-off.

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Education QUESTION #7565

Question 5542

Private educational institutions were nationalized under which policy or commission?

Education conference 1947
National Education commission 1959
National education policy 1970
National education policy 1972✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

The National Education Policy of 1972 introduced the nationalization of private educational institutions as part of broader reforms to create uniformity and state control over education.

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General Abilities QUESTION #2812

Question 5543

A population increased from 50,000 to 65,000. What is the percentage increase?

20%
25%
30%✔️
35%

Correct Answer Logic:

Increase $= 65000 - 50000 = 15000$. Percentage increase $= \dfrac{15000}{50000} \times 100 = 30\%$.

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Accounting Finance and Punjab Sales Tax on Services QUESTION #2556

Question 5544

Under section 16C of the Punjab Sales Tax on Services Act, 2012, a registered person shall NOT be allowed to adjust input tax in a tax period in excess of what percentage of the output tax for that tax period?

Seventy percent
Eighty percent
Ninety percent✔️
One hundred percent

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 16C(1) as amended provides that a registered person shall not be allowed to adjust input tax in a tax period in excess of ninety percent of the output tax for that tax period.

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English QUESTION #2774

Question 5545

Which ONE WORD means: 'A doctor who treats diseases of the mind'?

Physician
Cardiologist
Neurologist
Psychiatrist✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

A 'Psychiatrist' is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. A Physician is a general doctor; Cardiologist treats heart diseases; Neurologist treats nervous system disorders.

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Urdu QUESTION #5265

Question 5546

'فاختہ اڑانا' محاورہ ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے:

بانگ لگانا
مزے اڑانا✔️
شور مچانا
تمہیں نہیں کرنا

Correct Answer Logic:

فاختہ اڑانا محاورے کا مطلب ہے مزے کرنا یا عیش کرنا۔

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Administration QUESTION #9574

Question 5547

The 'Government of India Act 1935' introduced two significant provisions relevant to Pakistan's current administrative structure. What were these provisions, and how did they shape the post-independence civil service?

It introduced the provincial civil service and created the post of Governor General — both were retained after independence with minor modifications
It provided security of tenure for civil servants (no dismissal without hearing/right of appeal) and gave the provinces financial autonomy — establishing the principle of civil servant protection that was later codified in Pakistan's Civil Servants Act 1973✔️
It created the Federal Public Service Commission and the first competitive examination system for entry to the Indian Civil Service — the structural predecessor of Pakistan's FPSC
It established the first merit-based promotion system and abolished seniority-based advancement — a principle reversed by subsequent Pakistani governments

Correct Answer Logic:

The Government of India Act 1935 introduced two landmark protections: security of tenure (no dismissal without due process, including right of appeal up to Secretary of State) and provincial financial autonomy. The security of tenure principle became foundational to civil service independence in Pakistan — codified in the Civil Servants Act 1973 — while provincial financial autonomy laid conceptual groundwork for federalism and NFC-type resource-sharing mechanisms.

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Mathematics QUESTION #6047

Question 5548

If one diameter of the circle $x^2+y^2-4x+6y-12=0$ is a chord of a circle $S$ whose centre is $(-3,2)$, find the radius of $S$.

$5\sqrt{3}$✔️
$5$
$10$
$5\sqrt{2}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Circle: $x^2+y^2-4x+6y-12=0$ has centre $(2,-3)$ and radius $\sqrt{4+9+12}=5$.

A diameter of this circle is a chord of $S$. The diameter passes through $(2,-3)$ with length $10$, so the chord of $S$ has length $10$, meaning half-chord $=5$.

Centre of $S$ is $(-3,2)$. Distance from $(-3,2)$ to centre $(2,-3)$: $d=\sqrt{25+25}=5\sqrt{2}$.

The chord (diameter of inner circle) has its midpoint at $(2,-3)$, and $S$'s centre is at $(-3,2)$. Radius of $S$: $R=\sqrt{d^2+5^2}$... but wait: the diameter of the inner circle passes through $(2,-3)$. Distance from $(-3,2)$ to $(2,-3)$ is $5\sqrt{2}$. The chord (full diameter $=10$) is a chord of $S$, so $R^2=(5)^2+(5\sqrt{2})^2=25+50=75$, $R=5\sqrt{3}$.

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #942

Question 5549

How does 'Patrolling' contribute to law and order?

It allows guards to exercise
It serves as a visible deterrent✔️
It helps in finding lost items
It replaces CCTV

Correct Answer Logic:

Visible patrols discourage criminal activity and provide a rapid response capability across the aerodrome.

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Urdu QUESTION #4464

Question 5550

وہ جملہ جس میں ایک لفظ مثبت اور دوسرا منفی ہو تو اسے کیا کہتے ہیں۔ (What is a sentence called that contains both positive and negative words?)

صفت استعارہ
صفت تضاد✔️
صفت ابہام
ان میں کوئی نہیں۔

Correct Answer Logic:

'Sanat-e-Tazaad' (صفت تضاد) refers to the use of antonyms or opposing concepts in literature/grammar.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #729

Question 5551

One light year is equal to:

9 x 10^12 m
6 x 10^12 m
9.5 x 10^13 m✔️
None

Correct Answer Logic:

One light year is the distance light travels in one year = 9.461 x 10^15 m ≈ 9.5 x 10^15 m. The closest answer is 9.5 x 10^13 m (option C as given in paper).

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CISA QUESTION #1780

Question 5552

Audits are expected to be carried out in accordance with which of the following principles?

Specific directives from management regarding evidence and procedures
Reporting and communication requirements
Assessment of organizational controls
Adherence to established standards, guidelines, and best practices✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Audits must follow published standards, professional guidelines, and accepted best practices. Management directives that restrict evidence use or procedure represent scope limitations — not proper audit conduct. Options B and C are components of the broader answer D.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #241

Question 5553

Shaykh Ahmad Sirhandi's (Mujaddid Alif Sani) line of Sufism was:

Qadiriya
Suhrawardiya
Chishtiyya
None of these✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

He belonged to the Naqshbandiya order.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3008

Question 5554

The 'Stokes' Law' is used to determine the:

Rate of dissolution
Rate of sedimentation in a suspension✔️
Weight of a tablet
Volume of an injection

Correct Answer Logic:

Stokes' Law calculates the sedimentation velocity of particles in a fluid.

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Urdu QUESTION #5050

Question 5555

درست ضربِ مثل کی نشاندہی کریں۔

بکرے کی نانی کب تک خیر منائے گی
بکرے کی ماں کب تک خیر منائے گی✔️
بکرے کی دادی کب تک خیر منائے گی
ان میں سے کوئی نہیں

Correct Answer Logic:

درست ضربِ مثل ہے: 'بکرے کی ماں کب تک خیر منائے گی' جو خطرے کے سامنے زیادہ دیر تک بچنے کی نفی میں بولی جاتی ہے۔

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English QUESTION #8385

Question 5556

De Jure means:

by right
by law✔️
by the way
by itself

Correct Answer Logic:

De Jure means by law (legally).

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #539

Question 5557

Which of the following are called placental mammals?

Prototheria
Eutheria✔️
Metatheria
All of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Eutheria are placental mammals

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Chemistry QUESTION #5546

Question 5558

Which of the following substances exists as a covalent crystal (network solid) in the solid state?

Iodine
Silicon✔️
Sulphur
Phosphorus

Correct Answer Logic:

Silicon forms a giant covalent (network) crystal similar to diamond, where each Si atom is covalently bonded to four others in a tetrahedral arrangement extending throughout the crystal. This gives it a very high melting point. Iodine forms molecular crystals, sulphur and phosphorus also form molecular crystals.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #9017

Question 5559

The substance used in the striking surface of matchsticks is:

Sulphur
Zinc
Phosphorus✔️
Nitric acid

Correct Answer Logic:

Red phosphorus is used in match striking surfaces.

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Mathematics QUESTION #1264

Question 5560

The Mean Value Theorem states that if $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$, then there exists $c\in(a,b)$ such that:

f(c) = \dfrac{f(a)+f(b)}{2}
f'(c) = \dfrac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}✔️
f'(c) = f(b)-f(a)
f(c) = f(b)-f(a)

Correct Answer Logic:

The Mean Value Theorem (Lagrange) guarantees existence of $c\in(a,b)$ such that $f'(c)=\dfrac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}$. This means the instantaneous rate of change equals the average rate of change over $[a,b]$.

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