pH 1 means $[\text{H}^+] = 0.1\ \text{M}$; pH 2 means $[\text{H}^+] = 0.01\ \text{M}$.

Using dilution formula $C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$:

$0.1 \times 1 = 0.01 \times V_2$

$V_2 = 10\ \text{L}$

Volume of water to add $= V_2 - V_1 = 10 - 1 = \mathbf{9.0\ \text{L}}$

The textbook identifies three core functional areas that any publication must manage effectively:

1. Editorial: The most important department, responsible for all content — news gathering (field staff/reporters assigned to beats), writing, editing, opinion pieces, and overall editorial policy. Headed by an editor who is ultimately responsible for all published content.
2. Business: Manages financial operations including the advertising department (generating revenue through classified and display ads), circulation department (maximising readership), and accounts department (salaries, procurement, audit reports).
3. Technical/Press: Manages the printing machinery, ensures the newspaper is printed and ready for distribution by deadline, handles newsprint procurement, plate-making, inking, and all mechanical aspects of production.

Effective media management requires managers who understand all three areas, as a failure in any one of them can compromise the entire publication.

An architect uses a blueprint to design a building. Similarly, a programmer uses an algorithm to design a computer program. While engineers and mathematicians also use algorithms, the closest analogy is with a programmer.