The textbook explains that photography was “developed in the 19th century through the artistic aspirations of two Frenchmen, Nicéphore Niépce and Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.”

• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce secured the world's earliest surviving photograph around 1826–1827 on a plate sensitised with bitumen, exposed for eight hours (this photograph is preserved at the University of Texas at Austin)
• From 1829 until Niépce's death in 1833, the two worked in partnership
• Louis Daguerre then developed the daguerreotype in 1837 — a process using copper plates lightly coated with sensitised silver and “developed” over mercury fumes, producing sharp, permanent images

The daguerreotype was the first commercially successful photographic process. Note: Henry Fox Talbot (Britain) independently developed the calotype process around the same time; George Eastman introduced roll film in 1888; Muybridge's 1877 experiments with sequential photographs of horses contributed to the development of cinema, not still photography.

1. Machinists needed = 95 (since 1 dress per person). Cost = 95 $\times$ $30 = $2,850.
2. Supervisors needed = 95 / 10 = 9.5, which means 10 supervisors are required. Cost = 10 $\times$ $40 = $400.
3. Total Cost = $2,850 + $400 = $3,250.

For $h \ll R$, orbital radius $\approx R$.

Orbital velocity: $v_o = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R}} = \sqrt{gR}$

Escape velocity from orbit at $R$: $v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} = \sqrt{2gR}$

Minimum increase in speed:

$\Delta v = v_e - v_o = \sqrt{2gR} - \sqrt{gR} = \sqrt{gR}(\sqrt{2}-1)$

Option C ($471,000) is correct.

Dividends can only be paid from distributable (revenue) reserves:

• Retained earnings: $230,000
• Profit for year: $145,000
• General reserve: $96,000

Total = $471,000

Share premium ($80,000) is a capital reserve — not distributable.