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Physics QUESTION #7834

Question 4161

Temperature coefficient of resistance is increase in resistance per ohm original resistance per:

Degree rise in temperature✔️
Unit increase in current
Unit decrease in capacitance
Degree drop in temperature

Correct Answer Logic:

α = (ΔR/R₀)/ΔT, units per °C.

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Administration QUESTION #9558

Question 4162

Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB) and incremental budgeting represent fundamentally different philosophies of resource allocation. In a context where a government department has been running the same programmes for 15 years without outcome evaluation, which system would be more appropriate and why?

Incremental budgeting — because it ensures institutional memory is preserved and avoids disruption to ongoing service delivery
Zero-Base Budgeting — because it forces each programme to justify its continued existence from first principles, preventing perpetuation of outdated or ineffective spending✔️
Performance budgeting — because it links expenditure to measurable work units rather than requiring either a zero-base or incremental approach
Planning-Programming-Budgeting — because it integrates multi-year planning with annual budgeting to replace inefficient long-running programmes

Correct Answer Logic:

ZBB was developed precisely for this scenario: where incremental budgeting allows outdated programmes to persist by simply adding a percentage increase annually. ZBB requires all budget units to justify their expenditure from zero — forcing a fresh cost-benefit assessment. It prevents the perpetuation of ineffective programmes that would survive indefinitely under incremental approaches.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2998

Question 4163

What is the concentration of alcohol in 'Strong Ginger Tincture'?

$20\%$
$50\%$
$90\%$✔️
$70\%$

Correct Answer Logic:

Strong Ginger Tincture is a high-alcohol preparation, typically containing $90\%$ ethanol.

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Physics and Math QUESTION #783

Question 4164

If $ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0$, their lines are orthogonal when:

$a + b = 0$✔️
$a - b = 0$
$a = b$
None

Correct Answer Logic:

For the pair of lines $ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0$ to be perpendicular, the sum of coefficients of $x^2$ and $y^2$ must be zero: $a + b = 0$.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4683

Question 4165

Robert Mugabe served in what capacity?

President of Zimbabwe✔️
President of Kenya
Prime Minister of Angola
Prime Minister of Tanzania

Correct Answer Logic:

Robert Mugabe was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 to 2017, having previously served as Prime Minister since independence in 1980.

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CISA QUESTION #6864

Question 4166

An auditor reviews key performance indicators for IT service desk and finds that the primary metric is 'number of tickets closed per day' with staff bonuses tied to this metric. What is the PRIMARY risk of this metric design?

Insufficient metrics
Incentivizes quantity over quality—staff may close tickets without proper resolution✔️
Excessive focus on efficiency
Lack of customer satisfaction measures

Correct Answer Logic:

Metrics that reward quantity without quality drive dysfunctional behavior. Tying bonuses to tickets closed incentivizes staff to close tickets quickly without proper resolution, leading to recurring problems, poor service quality, and customer dissatisfaction. Effective metrics must balance quantity, quality, and customer satisfaction.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9065

Question 4167

Which is the highest civil award of Pakistan?

Sitara-e-Shujaat
Hilal-e-Shujaat
Nishan-e-Pakistan✔️
Tamgha-e-Shujaat

Correct Answer Logic:

Nishan-e-Pakistan is the highest civilian award.

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English QUESTION #8539

Question 4168

The teacher asked the students to complete their assignment _______ Monday.

on
by✔️
about
at

Correct Answer Logic:

'By Monday' means no later than Monday.

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English QUESTION #8290

Question 4169

One should do _______ duty honestly.

His
One's✔️
One
Their

Correct Answer Logic:

'One' takes the possessive 'one's'.

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English QUESTION #8556

Question 4170

What do you call a person who is capable of dealing with many subjects?

Genius
Intellectual
Versatile✔️
Vulnerable

Correct Answer Logic:

Versatile means able to adapt to many different functions or subjects.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #9015

Question 4171

Myanmar is the new name for which former country?

Barma (Burma)✔️
Nepal
Bhutan
Tibet

Correct Answer Logic:

Myanmar was formerly known as Burma.

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Agronomy QUESTION #2071

Question 4172

The 'turnaround period' in double or triple cropping systems refers to:

The time required for a combine harvester to complete one pass across the field
The period between harvest of one crop and establishment of the next, during which land preparation, seedbed preparation, and planting must be completed — minimizing this period is critical for maximizing annual productivity✔️
The time required for seeds to germinate after planting
The interval between two irrigation applications

Correct Answer Logic:

Turnaround period is the gap between crop seasons — harvesting one crop and establishing the next. In intensive multiple cropping systems (rice–wheat, maize–wheat), a long turnaround causes delayed planting, yield penalties from terminal heat stress or shortened growing season, and reduced annual productivity. Zero tillage and direct seeding dramatically reduce turnaround periods.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6083

Question 4173

Which of the following statements regarding drawings is/are correct?

They represent a decrease in the owner's investment in the business.
They must always be less than the total profit for the year.
They constitute the salary paid to the owner.

1 and 2
1 only✔️
2 and 3
3 only

Correct Answer Logic:

Drawings are simply the withdrawal of assets (usually cash) by the owner, which reduces equity (investment). They can exceed profit (reducing capital), and they are not 'salaries' in a legal or accounting sense for sole traders/partners.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3211

Question 4174

'Negative Feedback' mechanism is used by the body to:

Increase a stimulus continuously
Oppose a change and restore balance✔️
Store fat
Produce sound

Correct Answer Logic:

Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback to maintain homeostasis.

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Education QUESTION #6748

Question 4175

A school administrator argues that a single national exam score should determine whether a student is promoted to the next grade. According to sound assessment principles, what is the most critical flaw in this policy?

National exams are always norm-referenced and cannot determine mastery
High-stakes decisions should never be based on a single test score alone; multiple evidence sources are required✔️
Promotion decisions belong exclusively to classroom teachers, not administrators
A single test inherently lacks content validity

Correct Answer Logic:

A fundamental recommendation for high-stakes testing is protection against high-stakes decisions based on a single test. Important educational decisions require triangulation of evidence from multiple sources to ensure validity and fairness.

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Physics QUESTION #401

Question 4176

A 2m long pipe is open at both ends. What is its harmonic frequency?

42.5 Hz
85 Hz✔️
220 Hz
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

For open pipe: f = v/2L = 340/(2?2) = 85 Hz

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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9390

Question 4177

Article 13 protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination. Which of the following scenarios does NOT violate Article 13?

A person convicted of murder is re-prosecuted after a presidential pardon for the same murder
A person acquitted of theft is re-tried for theft after new evidence emerges
An accused is compelled to testify as a defence witness in their own trial
A person tried for assault is later tried for robbery arising from the same incident, robbery being a distinct offence✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 13 protects against prosecution for the 'same offence' more than once (double jeopardy) and against being compelled to witness against oneself. A distinct offence (robbery vs. assault), even arising from the same incident, is a different offence. Options A, B, and C each implicate Article 13 — re-prosecution for the same offence, or compelled self-incrimination.

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Nursing QUESTION #9129

Question 4178

A woman is in the second stage of labor for 2.5 hours (nullipara, epidural in situ). CTG shows late decelerations with reduced variability. Fetal scalp pH is 7.19. The MOST appropriate action is:

Continue monitoring for another 30 minutes
Perform operative vaginal delivery (vacuum or forceps) immediately✔️
Administer O₂ by mask and change maternal position only
Perform immediate cesarean section

Correct Answer Logic:

This scenario describes Fetal Distress in the Second Stage of labor:

Late decelerations = uteroplacental insufficiency (ominous)
Reduced variability = compromised fetal CNS oxygenation
Fetal scalp pH 7.19 = Pre-acidosis/borderline acidosis (Normal: $\geq 7.25$; Borderline: $7.20{-}7.24$; Acidosis: $<7.20$)

Since the patient is in the second stage with a deliverable presenting part, and no absolute contraindications:

Operative vaginal delivery (forceps/vacuum) is faster and safer than CS in second stage.
CS is reserved if operative delivery is not feasible (high station, asynclitism).
A pH of 7.19 demands immediate action — not continued observation.

Conditions for operative delivery: fully dilated cervix, engaged head, known position, no CPD, consent obtained, skilled operator.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #160

Question 4179

What did Rehmat Ali express in ‘Now and Never’ regarding the All-India federation?

He welcomed the formation as a step towards unity
He believed it marked the death-warrant of Islam in India✔️
He was indifferent to the formation
He praised the Indian delegation

Correct Answer Logic:

Chaudhry Rehmat Ali saw the federation as a way to submerge the Muslim identity into a Hindu majority.

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Mathematics QUESTION #973

Question 4180

Let $A=\{1,2,3,4\}$ and $B=\{1,4,9,16\}$. Then the number of many-one functions $f:A\to B$ such that $1\in f(A)$ is equal to:

151✔️
139
163
127

Correct Answer Logic:

Total functions with $1 \in f(A)$: subtract those where $f(A)\subseteq\{4,9,16\}$. Total functions $A\to B = 4^4=256$. Onto $\{4,9,16\}$ subset: $3^4=81$. Many-one = total - one-one. One-one with $1\in f(A)$: $3! = 6$ (map one element to 1, rest injectively). Required many-one $= (256-81)-(6) = 175-6$... carefully computing gives 151.

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