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Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) became the first Caliph of Islam in 632 CE (11 AH), immediately after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He was elected at Saqifah Bani Sa'idah through consultation among the companions. His caliphate lasted approximately 2 years and 3 months. During this period, he compiled the Quran, suppressed false prophets, and expanded the Islamic state.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1861

Question 4084

Appointment by transfer shall be made from amongst persons holding appointment on a regular basis in posts in which pay scales?

One scale lower
One scale higher
The same basic pay scale or equivalent/identical posts✔️
Any scale at discretion of authority

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 9 states appointments by transfer shall be made from persons holding appointment on a regular basis in posts in the same basic pay scale or equivalent to or identical with the posts to be filled.

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English QUESTION #8319

Question 4085

I went to the shop _______ some chocolate.

For buying
For buy
To buy✔️
Buy

Correct Answer Logic:

Infinitive 'to buy' expresses purpose.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9062

Question 4086

The largest man-made (artificial) forest in Pakistan is:

Chitral
Changa Manga✔️
Gadoon
Bannu

Correct Answer Logic:

Changa Manga is a planted forest near Lahore.

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CISA QUESTION #6825

Question 4087

Subnet Division	Starting IP	Ending IP
Original	192.168.1.1	192.168.1.254
After Split	192.168.1.1	192.168.1.126

An organization subdivides a network into two equal subnets. How many usable IP addresses are LOST in overhead per subnet?

2✔️
3
4

Correct Answer Logic:

When an IP network is subdivided, each resulting subnet requires four specific addresses: network name, starting IP, ending IP, and broadcast IP. However, the network name and broadcast IP cannot be assigned to devices. Therefore, 2 addresses per subnet are consumed in overhead and lost from the usable address space.

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English Literature QUESTION #702

Question 4088

In "1984," what is "Newspeak"?

A new dialect
A language to limit thought✔️
A universal language
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Newspeak is a controlled language designed by the state to diminish the range of thought.

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Maths QUESTION #4620

Question 4089

If $3^x = 81$, what is $x$?

$3$
$4$✔️
$27$
$5$

Correct Answer Logic:

$81 = 3^4$, so $x = 4$

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Physics and Math QUESTION #771

Question 4090

If $x = a\cos\theta,\ y = a\sin\theta$, then $\dfrac{dy}{dz} = ?$

$-\cot\theta$✔️
$\cos\theta$
$\tan\theta$
None

Correct Answer Logic:

$\dfrac{dx}{d\theta} = -a\sin\theta,\ \dfrac{dy}{d\theta} = a\cos\theta$, so $\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{a\cos\theta}{-a\sin\theta} = -\cot\theta$.

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MBBS QUESTION #10365

Question 4091

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) can result from deficiency of which purine metabolism enzyme, whose absence causes toxic intracellular accumulation of deoxyadenosine and deoxyATP, particularly damaging to developing lymphocytes?

Adenosine deaminase✔️
Xanthine oxidase
HGPRT
Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Correct Answer Logic:

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes toxic accumulation of deoxyadenosine metabolites, which are particularly damaging to lymphocyte precursors, producing one of the classic genetic causes of SCID — historically among the first conditions treated experimentally with gene therapy.

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Physics QUESTION #1167

Question 4092

What is NOT the condition for equilibrium in a three-dimensional system?

$\sum F_x = 0$
$\sum F_y = 0$
$\sum F_z = 0$
$\sum F \neq 0$✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

For a body to be in equilibrium in three dimensions, the net force in every direction must be zero: $\sum F_x = 0$, $\sum F_y = 0$, and $\sum F_z = 0$. The condition $\sum F \neq 0$ violates equilibrium (it means there is a net unbalanced force), so it is NOT a condition for equilibrium.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4095

Question 4093

For $f(x,y)=xy-2x$ on the triangular region with vertices $(0,0),(4,0),(0,4)$, evaluating on the edge from $(0,4)$ to $(4,0)$ (line $x+y=4$, i.e., $y=4-x$), $f$ becomes a function of $x$ only as:

\$f = x(4-x)-2x = -x^2+2x\$✔️
$f = 4x-x^2$
$f = x(4-x)-2x = -x^2+2x$
\$f = 4x-2x = 2x\$

Correct Answer Logic:

Substitute $y=4-x$ into $f=xy-2x$: $f=x(4-x)-2x=4x-x^2-2x=-x^2+2x$. Maximizing: $f'=-2x+2=0\Rightarrow x=1$, giving $f(1,3)=-1+2=1$. This is a candidate for absolute extremum.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #2600

Question 4094

In a computer's processor, logic gates are important because they:

Store permanent data on hard drives for long-term use
Allow transistors to do more complex tasks, such as deciding where to send electrical signals depending on logical conditions✔️
Connect computers to the internet through wireless signals
Display color images on computer monitors

Correct Answer Logic:

Logic gates allow transistors to do more complex tasks, like deciding where to send electrical signals depending on logical conditions (AND, OR, NOT etc.). They are the fundamental building blocks of all digital processors and circuits.

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Geography QUESTION #6342

Question 4095

Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory categorizes countries into:

Developed, Developing, and Underdeveloped
Core, Periphery, and Semi-Periphery✔️
First World, Second World, and Third World
Industrial, Agricultural, and Service economies

Correct Answer Logic:

World-Systems Theory (Immanuel Wallerstein) divides the capitalist world-economy into: Core (dominant, high-skill production), Periphery (dependent, raw material/low-skill production), and Semi-Periphery (intermediate, mix of both) - emphasizing exploitative relationships maintaining inequality.

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Physics QUESTION #1028

Question 4096

Three identical heat conducting rods in series: outer rods have conductivity $2K$, middle rod has conductivity $K$. Left end at $3T$, right end at $T$. The ratio $T_1/T_2$ (left junction to right junction temperature) is:

$\dfrac{5}{3}$✔️
$\dfrac{5}{4}$
$\dfrac{3}{2}$
$\dfrac{4}{3}$

Correct Answer Logic:

In steady state, heat flow rate $Q$ is same through all rods. Let each rod have length $L$ and area $A$. $\frac{2KA(3T-T_1)}{L} = \frac{KA(T_1-T_2)}{L} = \frac{2KA(T_2-T)}{L}$. From 1st and 3rd: $2(3T-T_1)=2(T_2-T)\Rightarrow 3T-T_1=T_2-T\Rightarrow T_1+T_2=4T$. From 1st and 2nd: $2(3T-T_1)=T_1-T_2\Rightarrow 6T-2T_1=T_1-T_2\Rightarrow 3T_1-T_2=6T$. Solving: $T_1=\frac{5T}{2}, T_2=\frac{3T}{2}$. Ratio $=\frac{5/2}{3/2}=\frac{5}{3}$.

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Nursing QUESTION #9172

Question 4097

According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory of leadership, leadership effectiveness depends on:

The leader's personality traits alone
The match between leadership style and situational favorableness✔️
The level of education of the leader
Autocratic management practices

Correct Answer Logic:

Fiedler's Contingency Theory (1967) states that there is no single best leadership style. Leadership effectiveness depends on the fit between the leader's style and situational favorableness, which is determined by three factors:

Leader-member relations — degree of trust and respect
Task structure — degree to which the task is clearly defined
Position power — formal authority of the leader

In nursing management, a Head Nurse must adapt leadership style to the situation. Task-oriented leaders perform best in very favorable or very unfavorable situations; relationship-oriented leaders perform best in moderately favorable situations.

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Chemistry QUESTION #4345

Question 4098

Carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia to form ammonium salts which on heating produces:

Carbonates
Alkane
Ester
Amide✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

When a carboxylic acid reacts with $NH_3$, an ammonium salt forms: $RCOOH + NH_3 \rightarrow RCOONH_4$. On heating, water is eliminated and an amide is produced: $RCOONH_4 \xrightarrow{\Delta} RCONH_2 + H_2O$.

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Physics and Math QUESTION #763

Question 4099

If degree of polynomial in numerator is less than denominator then fraction is called?

Proper fraction✔️
Improper fraction
Both
None

Correct Answer Logic:

A rational fraction is proper if the degree of the numerator is strictly less than the degree of the denominator.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5936

Question 4100

The purpose of 'aging' (tempering) cream at $8\text{–}13^{\circ}\text{C}$ before churning in butter production is to:

Increase the cream's water content
Promote partial crystallization of fat into stable polymorphic crystal forms ($\beta'$) to facilitate efficient churning and improve butter texture✔️
Lower the cream's viscosity for better separation
Allow lactose to ferment producing diacetyl

Correct Answer Logic:

Cream tempering involves temperature cycling to promote formation of stable $\beta'$ and $\beta$ polymorphic crystal forms of triglycerides. Properly crystallized fat churns efficiently and produces butter with good texture, spreadability, and body.

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