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CISA QUESTION #1725
Question 381
Which of the following roles is NOT classified as a nonaudit role within an organisation?
  • System designer
  • Operational staff member
  • Auditorโœ”๏ธ
  • Organisational manager
Correct Answer Logic:
Every role other than the auditor is considered a nonaudit role. Critically, holding any nonaudit role within an organisation disqualifies an individual from serving as that organisation's independent auditor for that engagement. This principle protects the objectivity and independence of the audit function. System designers, operational staff, and managers all have vested interests in the outcomes they are responsible for, which would compromise auditor independence.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Civil Procedure QUESTION #3687
Question 382
In a diversity action in federal court in State A, the court must decide which statute of limitations to apply. State A has a 2-year limit, while State B (where the accident occurred) has a 4-year limit. There is no Federal Rule of Civil Procedure governing the limitation period. Under the Erie doctrine, what should the court do?
  • Apply the federal common law 3-year limitation.
  • Apply State A's 2-year limit, because statutes of limitations are substantive for Erie purposes.โœ”๏ธ
  • Apply State B's 4-year limit, because the accident happened there.
  • Apply whichever limit is more favorable to the plaintiff to ensure access to justice.
Correct Answer Logic:
Under Guaranty Trust Co. v. York, statutes of limitations are outcome-determinative and therefore substantive for Erie purposes. A federal court sitting in diversity must apply the statute of limitations of the state in which it sits.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5729
Question 383
Hospital waste management classifies $80\%$ of waste as general. What are the characteristics of the remaining $20\%$?
  • Paper and plastic
  • Non-medical waste
  • Hazardous material (infectious, toxic, or radioactive)โœ”๏ธ
  • Organic food waste
Correct Answer Logic:
The text states $20\%$ is hazardous material.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Education QUESTION #6905
Question 384
A teacher maintains behavioral portfolios for students. According to best practices in behavioral record keeping, which of the following should a behavioral portfolio MOST appropriately contain?
  • Only incident reports documenting rule violations and resulting penalties
  • Records of behavioral progress, observation checklists, benchmarks achieved each term, and student self-evaluationsโœ”๏ธ
  • Only academic grades with behavioral remarks added in teacher comments
  • Letters exchanged with parents documenting disciplinary conferences
Correct Answer Logic:
Behavioral portfolios serve as systematic, longitudinal records of student behavioral development. They should be holistic โ€” including progress observations, checklists of specific behaviors, benchmark achievements, and crucially, student self-evaluations. The self-evaluation component promotes reflection and metacognitive awareness, which supports genuine behavioral change rather than mere compliance.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3138
Question 385
Insulin is secreted by which specific cells of the pancreas?
  • Alpha cells
  • Beta cellsโœ”๏ธ
  • Delta cells
  • F-cells
Correct Answer Logic:
Beta cells produce insulin to lower blood glucose; Alpha cells produce glucagon.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Political Science QUESTION #6668
Question 386

Who is the author of 'Das Kapital'?

  • Karl Marxโœ”๏ธ
  • Friedrich Engels
  • Mao Zedong
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:

Karl Marx's 'Das Kapital' is a fundamental text in materialist philosophy and economics.

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HR and Management QUESTION #6470
Question 387

The concept that 'organizations on the other hand depend on people' means:

  • Organizations can function with minimal human input through automation
  • People are interchangeable parts in organizations
  • Without people, organizations would disappearโœ”๏ธ
  • Technology is replacing the need for people
Correct Answer Logic:

This emphasizes the fundamental dependence: without people, organizations would disappear. Despite technology and automation, people remain essential - they create, operate, innovate, and sustain organizations. The relationship is one of mutual dependence.

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6416
Question 388
The concept of intra-personal communication describes communication that occurs within a single individual. Which of the following is the BEST example of intra-personal communication?
  • A telephone conversation between two friends
  • A newspaper editorial addressed to the general public
  • A person's internal process of thinking, meditating, or reasoning โ€” where all communication elements (source, message, channel, receiver) exist within the same individualโœ”๏ธ
  • A group discussion in a classroom
Correct Answer Logic:

The textbook classifies human communication into two broad types:

  • Intra-personal communication: “The part of communication in which self of a human being is involved only and the communication is confined to one human entity. This means that all the elements which come into action in a given piece of communication are located within the self of an individual. A message originating from source part of the brain travels through the channel of nerves to reach another location, however close it may be to the point of origin.” Examples: thinking, reasoning, meditation, monologue, and dreaming.
  • Inter-personal communication: Involves two or more individuals, and is further classified into interpersonal (one-to-one), group communication, organisational communication, and mass communication.

The key distinguishing criterion is that in intra-personal communication, all elements โ€” source, encoder, channel, decoder, and receiver โ€” exist within the same person. No external communication partner is required.

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Physics QUESTION #7295
Question 389

The velocity-time graph for a body projected vertically upward is best described as a:

  • Parabola
  • Ellipse
  • Hyperbola
  • Straight lineโœ”๏ธ
Correct Answer Logic:

For a body projected vertically upward, only gravity acts on it โ€” a constant acceleration $g$ downward. From $v = u - gt$, velocity changes linearly with time, producing a straight line on a $v$-$t$ graph with slope $-g$.

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
All F1 offspring are $RrYy$. Since R (round) and Y (yellow) are dominant over r (wrinkled) and y (green), all F1 plants show the round yellow phenotype.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3059
Question 391
DRAP stands for:
  • Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistanโœ”๏ธ
  • District Resource for All Pharmacies
  • Department of Research and Pharmacy
  • Daily Report on All Products
Correct Answer Logic:
DRAP is the central body regulating drugs in Pakistan.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3359
Question 392
'Monoclonal' antibodies are produced from:
  • A single clone of B-cellsโœ”๏ธ
  • Multiple different types of cells
  • Viruses
  • Soil
Correct Answer Logic:
They are identical and recognize the exact same epitope (antigen site).
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Verbal Reasoning QUESTION #8100
Question 393

Compare the two quantities below.

Column A: $9^7$

Column B: $10{,}000{,}000$

  • Column A is greater
  • Column B is greaterโœ”๏ธ
  • The two quantities are equal
  • The relationship cannot be determined from the information given
Correct Answer Logic:

Note that $10{,}000{,}000 = 10^7$.

Comparing $9^7$ vs $10^7$: since the base $9 < 10$ and both exponents are equal and positive, we have $9^7 < 10^7$.

Therefore Column B ($10^7$) is greater than Column A ($9^7$).

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Chemistry QUESTION #1005
Question 394
Statement (I): Corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon in which pure metal acts as an anode and impure metal as a cathode. Statement (II): The rate of corrosion is more in alkaline medium than in acidic medium.
  • Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  • Statement I is false but Statement II is true
  • Statement I is true but Statement II is falseโœ”๏ธ
  • Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Correct Answer Logic:
Statement I is correct โ€” in corrosion, pure metal (more reactive) acts as anode and gets oxidized, while impure metal acts as cathode. Statement II is false โ€” corrosion is faster in acidic medium than alkaline medium because \(\text{H}^+\) ions accelerate the oxidation process.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
$5\%$ w/v means $5\text{ g}$ in $100\text{ ml}$, or $50\text{ mg/ml}$. Calculation: $250\text{ mg} \div 50\text{ mg/ml} = 5\text{ ml}$.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Physics QUESTION #996
Question 396
Which one is the correct dimensional formula for capacitance in Farad? (\(M, L, T, C\) stand for mass, length, time and charge):
  • \([F] = [C^2 M^{-1} L^{-2} T^2]\)โœ”๏ธ
  • \([F] = [C^2 M^{-2} L^2 T^2]\)
  • \([F] = [CM^{-2}L^{-2}T^{-2}]\)
  • \([F] = [CM^{-1}L^{-2}T^2]\)
Correct Answer Logic:
Capacitance \(C = \frac{Q}{V} = \frac{Q}{\frac{W}{Q}} = \frac{Q^2}{W}\). Dimensions: \(\frac{C^2}{M L^2 T^{-2}} = C^2 M^{-1} L^{-2} T^2\).
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
General Knowledge QUESTION #4648
Question 397
Average family income in cities has increased as wives work. This implies all the following EXCEPT:
  • Family income level was lower few years agoโœ”๏ธ
  • Wives earn more than husbands today
  • It was more prevalent for one spouse to work earlier
  • More husbands and wives are working today
Correct Answer Logic:
1
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
General Abilities QUESTION #2830
Question 398
Simplify: \(\sqrt{225} + \sqrt{144} - \sqrt{81}\)
  • 12
  • 15โœ”๏ธ
  • 18
  • 21
Correct Answer Logic:
\(\sqrt{225} = 15\), \(\sqrt{144} = 12\), \(\sqrt{81} = 9\). So \(15 + 12 - 9 = 18\). Answer is 18, which is option index 2.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
English QUESTION #4419
Question 399
Identify the sentence with no spelling error:
  • Imtiaz Invited me on a diner party at restaurant.
  • Imtiaz Invited me on a dinner party at restaurant.โœ”๏ธ
  • Imtiaz Invited me on a dinner party at resturant.
  • Imtiaz Invited me on a dinnar party at restaurent.
Correct Answer Logic:
The correct spellings are 'dinner' (an evening meal) and 'restaurant' (a place to eat). Option A has 'diner' (a small restaurant or person eating), Option C has 'resturant', and Option D has both 'dinnar' and 'restaurent' โ€” all misspelled.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5921
Question 400
The process of 'tempering' milk before cheese making refers to:
  • Adding rennet to cold milk to delay coagulation
  • Adjusting the temperature of pasteurized milk to the optimal coagulation temperature (\(30\text{โ€“}32^{\circ}\text{C}\) for most cheeses)โœ”๏ธ
  • Standardizing the fat content to the desired level
  • Adding calcium chloride to improve rennet coagulation
Correct Answer Logic:
After pasteurization and cooling, milk must be tempered (warmed) to the coagulation temperature, typically \(28\text{โ€“}35^{\circ}\text{C}\) depending on cheese variety. \(\text{CaCl}_2\) (\(0.01\text{โ€“}0.02\%\)) is also commonly added to restore calcium ions lost during pasteurization and improve gel firmness.
Uploaded by: Fani Warraich