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Coliform bacteria ($E.\;coli$, $Klebsiella$, $Enterobacter$) should be absent or very low in properly pasteurized milk. Detection uses the MPN method (lauryl sulfate tryptose broth with gas production) or direct plating on selective media (VRBA, Petrifilm CC). Coliforms in pasteurized milk indicate post-pasteurization contamination.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7179

Question 3584

What is the correct SI unit for the van der Waals parameter '$a$' as used in the equation $(P + \frac{an^{2}}{V^{2}})(V - nb) = nRT$?

$atm \text{ dm}^{6} \text{ mol}^{-2}$✔️
$kg \text{ m s}^{-1}$
$kg \text{ m s}^{-2}$
$dm^{3} \text{ mol}^{-1}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The term $\frac{an^{2}}{V^{2}}$ must have the same units as pressure ($P$).

$[a] = \frac{P \times V^{2}}{n^{2}}$
In common units, this translates to $\text{atm} \times (\text{dm}^{3})^{2} / \text{mol}^{2}$
Result: $atm \text{ dm}^{6} \text{ mol}^{-2}$

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General Abilities QUESTION #7972

Question 3585

A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and a perimeter of 30 cm. Find the width of the rectangle.

5 cm✔️
10 cm
15 cm
20 cm

Correct Answer Logic:

Perimeter $= 2(l+w) \Rightarrow 30 = 2(10+w) \Rightarrow 15 = 10+w \Rightarrow w = 5$ cm

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #7918

Question 3586

After the Hijrat to Medina, what was the first important action the Holy Prophet (SAW) took?

Built a Mosque for prayers✔️
Built his house
Created Bait-ul-mal
Raised an army

Correct Answer Logic:

After arriving in Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) first built Masjid-e-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque). This established a center for worship, community gathering, education, and governance. He also established brotherhood (Muakhaat) between Muhajirin and Ansar, created a written constitution (Sahifah al-Medina), and built houses adjacent to the mosque.

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Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5694

Question 3587

Identify the correct Latin term for 'To be taken at bedtime':

Post cibos
Ante cibos
Hora somni✔️
Ter in die

Correct Answer Logic:

Hora somni (h.s.) means at bedtime.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4472

Question 3588

During the Putin-Modi summit, Russia emphasised which priority for bilateral ties?

Increasing military supply to India
Cutting trade imbalance
Uninterrupted fuel and energy supplies to India✔️
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Russia has consistently emphasized energy security and uninterrupted supply to India.

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General Abilities QUESTION #4568

Question 3589

If $\frac{a}{3} = \frac{b}{5}$ and $a = 9$, what is $b$?

$15$✔️
$27$
$3$
$5$

Correct Answer Logic:

$\frac{9}{3} = \frac{b}{5} \Rightarrow 3 = \frac{b}{5} \Rightarrow b = 15$

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #848

Question 3590

"Profiling" in security measures to maintain order refers to:

Taking photos
Assessing behavioral patterns✔️
Checking bank balance
Social media monitoring

Correct Answer Logic:

Behavioral profiling helps identify individuals who may pose a threat to law and order based on suspicious patterns.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8821

Question 3591

Which gas is used in advertising signs (neon lights)?

Argon
Neon✔️
Helium
Carbon dioxide

Correct Answer Logic:

Neon gas is used in neon signs.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3185

Question 3592

The 'Resting Membrane Potential' of a typical neuron is approximately:

$+30\text{ mV}$
$0\text{ mV}$
$-70\text{ mV}$✔️
$-90\text{ mV}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside at rest.

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English QUESTION #2746

Question 3593

Choose the CORRECT sentence.

Between you and I✔️
this is wrong.
Between you and me
this is wrong.

Correct Answer Logic:

this is wrong.

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English QUESTION #8399

Question 3594

Fill in the blanks: '_______ Indus River is _______ longest river in South Asia.'

the/-
- /the
the/the✔️
a/the

Correct Answer Logic:

'The' for rivers; 'the' for superlatives.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7202

Question 3595

Which of the following alkali or alkaline earth metals can react directly with atmospheric nitrogen ($N_{2}$) to form a nitride?

$K$
$Li$✔️
$Rb$
$Cs$

Correct Answer Logic:

Among the alkali metals, only Lithium ($Li$) is small enough and has sufficient polarizing power to react directly with $N_{2}$ to form a stable nitride ($Li_{3}N$).
This is a characteristic diagonal relationship property between Lithium and Magnesium.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5949

Question 3596

The purpose of 'salting' in cheese making serves which functions?

Flavor enhancement only
Flavor development, moisture control (osmotic extraction of residual whey), rind formation, antimicrobial preservation, and enzyme activity regulation✔️
Acceleration of lactic acid fermentation
Prevention of fat separation during pressing

Correct Answer Logic:

Salt in cheese plays multiple roles: (1) flavor; (2) moisture control — osmotic extraction of residual whey; (3) microbial control — inhibits spoilage organisms and pathogens; (4) rind formation — surface dehydration; (5) enzyme modulation — controls proteolysis rate during ripening.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5947

Question 3597

In spray drying, the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of milk powder is critical because:

Below $T_g$, the powder is in a rubbery state and flows freely
Above $T_g$, amorphous lactose transitions from glassy (stable) to rubbery (sticky, prone to caking and collapse), reducing powder quality✔️
$T_g$ determines the fat melting point in powder
$T_g$ affects the solubility of casein in reconstituted powder

Correct Answer Logic:

Below $T_g$, amorphous lactose is in a glassy rigid state — stable. Above $T_g$ (lowered by moisture content), lactose enters a rubbery state: high molecular mobility, sticky surface, particle caking, and potential collapse of the powder structure. Keeping powder moisture $<3\text{–}4\%$ maintains $T_g$ well above ambient storage temperatures.

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