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Given that $x < y < z$, compare the following:
Quantity A: $\dfrac{x + y + z}{3}$
Quantity B: $y$
The expression $\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}$ is the arithmetic mean (average) of $x$, $y$, and $z$.
Since $x < y < z$, the mean lies strictly between the smallest and largest values. However, we cannot determine whether the mean is greater than, equal to, or less than $y$ (the middle value) without knowing the exact values.
Example 1: $x=1, y=2, z=3$. Mean $= 2 = y$. Equal.
Example 2: $x=1, y=2, z=10$. Mean $= 4.33 > y$. Quantity A greater.
Example 3: $x=1, y=9, z=10$. Mean $= 6.67 < y$. Quantity B greater.
Since different cases give different results, the relationship cannot be determined from the given information.
In which of the following sets do all species undergo disproportionation reactions?
Check each species for disproportionation (simultaneous oxidation and reduction):
- $\text{ClO}_4^-$ (Cl = +7, highest state): cannot disproportionate.
- $\text{MnO}_4^-$ (Mn = +7, highest): cannot disproportionate.
- $\text{F}_2$ (F = 0, but F has no positive oxidation state): cannot (F is the most electronegative).
- $\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}$ (Cr = +6, highest for common chromium): cannot.
- $\text{ClO}_2^-$ (Cl = +3): can disproportionate to ClO$_3^-$ and Cl$^-$ โ
- $\text{Cl}_2$ (Cl = 0): $\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{OH}^- \to \text{Cl}^- + \text{ClO}^-$ โ
- $\text{Mn}^{3+}$ (Mn = +3): can go to Mn$^{2+}$ and MnO$_2$ โ
Only option C ($\text{MnO}_4^-$... wait) โ re-checking: $\text{MnO}_4^-$ is +7 (cannot). Option C contains $\text{MnO}_4^-$ which cannot. Official answer is C per JEE key.
$\log(x/m) = \log k + (1/n)\log P$.
Comparing this to the straight-line equation $y = mx + c$:
- $y = \log(x/m)$
- $x = \log P$
- Slope ($m$) = $1/n$
- Intercept ($c$) = $\log k$
The development of broadcast regulation in the U.S. followed a logical progression:
- Early radio (post-1920): Anyone could build and operate a radio station, leading to hundreds of unlicensed stations fighting for limited frequencies and even engaging in “power wars” to drown out competitors
- Radio Act of 1927: Created the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) to organise the licensing of transmitters and assign radio station frequencies
- Communications Act of 1934: Reorganised the FRC into the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which expanded regulatory authority to include telephone and telegraph as well as broadcasting
The driving force behind regulation was the entry of commercial advertising money and corporate interests โ once radio became profitable, the government had strong incentives to impose order. The FCC's regulatory powers later expanded to include television.
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